The Empowered Writer: An Essential Guide to Writing, Reading, and Research

Cover
The Empowered Writer: An Essential Guide to Writing, Reading, and Research
Brief Contents
Contents
Readings
From the Publisher
Online Resources
Preface
Acknowledgements
Part One: Writing and Reading: The Empowered Writer: An Essential Guide to Writing, Reading, and Research
	Chapter 1: Basic Skills Development
		An Integrated Approach
			Writing and Thinking
			Exercise 1.1
			Writing and Reading
		Reading Strategies
			Exercise 1.2
		Critical Thinking
			What Is Critical Thinking?
			Applying Critical Thinking
			Exercise 1.3
			Reading and Critical Thinking
			Exercise 1.4
			Exercise 1.5
			Responding Critically and Analytically through Questions
			Exercise 1.6
			Exercise 1.7
		Sample Professional Essay: “Bear Cub: Rogue Wildlife Is Par for the Course on Canada’s Northernmost Green” by Eva Holland
			Exercise 1.8
		Word Meanings
			Exercise 1.9
		Improving Vocabulary
		Sample Professional Essay: “Almost Famous Canadian Olympians” by Jonathon Gatehouse
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 2: The Writing Situation
		Writing Purpose
			Exercise 2.1
		A Is for Audience
			Reader-Based Writing
			Exercise 2.2
			Exercise 2.3
			Audience Factors
			Exercise 2.4
		Sample Professional Essay: “If These Walls Could Talk: The Physical Traces of Residential Schools” by Aubrey Jean Hanson & D. Lyn Daniels
			Writing for the Workplace
			Exercise 2.5
		Stages in Essay Writing
			Pre-Writing
			Exercise 2.6
			Exercise 2.7
			Research
			Organization
			Exercise 2.8
			Composing: First Draft
			Revising: Final Draft
		The Critical Response
		Sample Professional Essay: “Why Do We Still Put Young People in Solitary Confinement?” by Cathy Gulli
		Sample Student Essay: Response to “Why Do We Still Put Young People in Solitary Confinement?” by Julianny Vahlis
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 3: Paragraph Essentials
		Introducing the Paragraph
			Topic Sentence
			Paragraph Wrap as Conclusion
			Connecting Paragraphs by Using Transitions
			Exercise 3.1
			Paragraph Unity
			Exercise 3.2
			Paragraph Coherence
			Exercise 3.3
			Exercise 3.4
			Exercise 3.5
		Sample Professional Essay: “Everything You Need To Know about Impostor Syndrome” by Sydney Loney
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 4: Paragraph and Essay Development
		Developing Your Essay
			Exercise 4.1
		Development Patterns
			Definition: What Is It?
			Chronology: When Did It Occur?
			Description: What Does It Look Like?
			Narration: How Can It Be Told?
			Process: How Does It Work?
			Personal: Why Should It Affect Me?/How Does It Affect Me?
			Classification/Division: What Kinds Are There?
			Cause–Effect: What Is the Cause? What Is the Result?
			Question–Answer: What Is the Answer?
			Example/Illustration: How Can It Be Shown?
			Problem–Solution: How Can It Be (Re)Solved?
			Cost–Benefit: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages?
			Analogy: How Is It Like Something Else?
			Comparison and Contrast: How Is It Like and/or Unlike Something Else?
			Exercise 4.2
		Sample Professional Essay: “Picture This: A Photovoice Study of International Students’ Food Experience in Canada” by Stephanie Amos and Daphne Lordly
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 5: Summarizing Other Writers’ Work
		What Is a Summary?
			How to Write a Summary
			Exercise 5.1
			Exercise 5.2
			The Extended Summary
		Sample Professional Essay: “The $15 Minimum Wage Movement Rises Up” by Janet Nicol
		Other Ways to Summarize
			Paraphrase
			Exercise 5.3
			Abstract
			Exercise 5.4
			Annotated Bibliography
			Exercise 5.5
		Summarizing at the Workplace
			Exercise 5.6
		Sample Professional Essay: “Almost a Million Canadian Kids in Poverty Is an Acute Emergency” by Elizabeth Lee Ford-Jones
		Chapter Review Questions
Part Two: Essays
	Chapter 6: The Expository Essay
		Expository versus Argumentative Essays
		Types of Essays
		How to Write Various Expository Essays
			The Process Essay
		Sample Student Essay: “How to Win a Student Government Election” by Aimee Calma
			The Definition Essay
		Sample Student Essay: “What Is Leadership?” by Andrew Fodor
			The Comparison and Contrast Essay
		Sample Student Essay: “Tail of Opposites: Meow, Meow, or Woof, Woof?” by Barclay Katt
			The In-Class (or Examination) Essay
		Sample Student Essay: In-Class Essay
			Exercise 6.1
		Sample Professional Essay: “Help Protect Our Bogs: Why It’s Important to Save Our Wetlands” by Bev Yaworski
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 7: Introductions, Thesis Statements, and Conclusions
		The Expository Essay Template
			Exercise 7.1
		The Essay’s Introduction
			Functions of the Introduction: Reader’s Interest
			Exercise 7.2
			Other Functions
			Features of the Introduction
			Exercise 7.3
			Exercise 7.4
			Exercise 7.5
			Exercise 7.6
			Exercise 7.7
		The Essay’s Conclusion
			Functions of the Conclusion
			Two Kinds of Conclusion
			Exercise 7.8
			Exercise 7.9
		Sample Professional Essay: “Alouette Anniversary” by Hillary Windsor
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 8: Claims, Evidence, and the Analytical Model
		Kinds of Claims: Fact, Value, and Policy
			Claim of Fact
			Claim of Value
			Claim of Policy
			Exercise 8.1
		Evidence
			Organization of Evidence
			Kinds of Evidence
		Credibility
			The Analytical Model
			Exercise 8.2
		Sample Professional Essay: “Punishing Cheaters Promotes the Evolution of Cooperation” by Eric Michael Johnson
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 9: The Argumentative Essay
		Emotional versus Logical Arguments
			Exercise 9.1
			Exercise 9.2
			Argument, Opinion, and Facts
			Exercise 9.3
			Exercise 9.4
			Exercise 9.5
			Faulty Reasoning
			Exercise 9.6
			Exercise 9.7
		Creating Your Argument with Claims and Support
			Arguable Claims
			Specific, Interesting, and Manageable Claims
			A Closer Look at Reason
			Exercise 9.8
		Rebutting the Opposing View
			Topic-Based Rebuttal
			Audience-Based Rebuttal
			Purpose-Based Rebuttal
		Sample Professional Essay: “Welcome to Canada? Immigration Incentives May Not Be Enough for International Students to Stay” by Sophia Lowe
		Organizing an Outline for Argument
			Exercise 9.9
		Sample Student Essay: “Discrimination against Aboriginals in Canada: Bill C-45” by Jane Freiburger
		Oral Presentations
			Creating a Presentation
			Delivering a Presentation
			Important Points to Consider When Making an Oral Presentation
		Chapter Review Questions
Part Three:Research
	Chapter 10: Conducting Research
		Developing Research Skills
			Research: Finding and Exploring
			Synthesis I: Integrating
			Organization: Arranging
			Synthesis II: Composing
		Researching Your Topic
			Who Are These Experts—and Where Can You Find Them?
			Exploring Your Topic
			Note-Taking
			Organizing Research Notes
			Cross-Referencing
			Some Useful Research Strategies
			Using Contradictory Evidence
		Sources of Research Material
			Primary and Secondary Sources
			Start with Secondary Sources
			Internet Searches
			Notes on Library Research
			Alternative Sources
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 11: Using Your Research
		Outlines for Research Essays
		Outline for “The Cost of Buying Happiness: Why Less Is More”
			Exercise 11.1
		Plagiarism
		Integrating Secondary Sources
			Summary, Paraphrase, Direct Quotation, Mixed Quotation Format
			Exercise 11.2
			Signal Phrases, Ellipses, and Brackets
		Documentation: In-Text Citations
		Sample Student Essay: “The Cost of Buying Happiness: Why Less Is More” by Sandy Crashley
		Sample Student Essay: “Computer Ergonomics” by Mike Butler
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 12: APA and MLA Documentation Styles
		Choosing Your Citation Style
		APA
			APA In-Text Citations
			APA In-Text Citations by Format
			APA References
		Sample Student Essay: “Polar Bears: Bright Outlook or Grim Future” by Adam Cook
		MLA
			MLA In-Text Citations
			MLA In-Text Citations by Format
			MLA Works Cited
			MLA Notes
			Exercise 12.1
		Sample Professional Essay: “What Lies Deep in the Unconscious: A Psychoanalytical Scrutiny of Harry Potter in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter Series” by Kaustav Chanda
		Chapter Review Questions
Part Four: Grammar
	Chapter 13: Sentence Essentials
		Grammatical Groundwork
		Parts of Speech
			Nouns
			Exercise 13.1
			Exercise 13.2
			Pronouns
			Exercise 13.3
			Exercise 13.4
			Verbs
			Exercise 13.5
			Modifiers: Adjectives and Adverbs
			Joiners: Prepositions and Conjunctions
			Exercise 13.6
			Exercise 13.7
		Sentences
			Exercise 13.8
			Exercise 13.9
			Exercise 13.10
			Sentence Patterns
			Exercise 13.11
			Exercise 13.12
			Exercise 13.13
			Exercise 13.14
		Sentence Errors
			Sentence Fragments
			Exercise 13.15
			Exercise 13.16
			Exercise 13.17
			Exercise 13.18
			Exercise 13.19
		Sentence Errors
			Run-On Sentence
			Comma Splice
			Exercise 13.20
			Exercise 13.21
			Exercise 13.22
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 14: Punctuation
		Do Commas Matter?
			Rule Category 1: Items in a Series
			Rule Category 2: Independent Clauses
			Rule Category 3: Parenthetical Information
			Rule Category 4: Conventional and “Comma Sense” Uses
			Exercise 14.1
			Exercise 14.2
			When Commas Are Not Required
			Exercise 14.3
		Other Forms of Punctuation
			Semicolons
			Exercise 14.4
			Colons
			Dashes and Parentheses
			Exercise 14.5
			Exercise 14.6
		Apostrophes
			Apostrophes for Possession in Nouns
			Contractions
			Exercise 14.7
			Exercise 14.8
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 15: Agreement, Pronoun, and Sentence Structure Errors
		Agreement
			Subject–Verb Agreement
			Rules for Subject–Verb Agreement
		Pronouns at Work
			Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement
			Problematic Pronouns: Inclusive Language
			Exercise 15.1
			Exercise 15.2
			Exercise 15.3
		Other Problems with Pronouns
			Pronoun Reference
			Exercise 15.4
			Exercise 15.5
			Exercise 15.6
			Exercise 15.7
			Pronoun Case
			Exercise 15.8
			Pronoun Consistency
			Exercise 15.9
		Sentence Construction Errors
			Misplaced Modifiers
			Dangling Modifiers
			Exercise 15.10
			Exercise 15.11
			The Parallelism Principle
			Exercise 15.12
			Exercise 15.13
			Passive Constructions: The Lazy Subject
			Exercise 15.14
			Exercise 15.15
			Exercise 15.16
			Exercise 15.17
			Exercise 15.18
		Chapter Review Questions
	Chapter 16: Achieving Clarity and Depth in Your Writing
		Effective Style: Clarity
			Exercise 16.1
			Exercise 16.2
			Cutting for Conciseness
			Doubling Up: The Noah’s Ark Syndrome
			Exercise 16.3
			Phony Phrases
			The Small but Not-So-Beautiful
			Unintensives
			Writing Directly
			Numbing Nouns
			Exercise 16.4
			Exercise 16.5
			Exercise 16.6
			Working toward Precision: Wise Word Choices
			Exercise 16.7
			Exercise 16.8
			Exercise 16.9
			Exercise 16.10
			Exercise 16.11
		Common Words That Confuse
			Exercise 16.12
		Providing Depth: Variety and Emphasis
			Sentence Variety
			Exercise 16.13
			Exercise 16.14
			Creating Emphasis
		Proofreading: Perfection Is Possible
			Proofreading Methods
			Guidelines for Proofreading
			Common Errors
		Essay Presentation
		Chapter Review Questions
Appendixes
	Appendix A: Verb Tenses
	Appendix B: A Checklist for EAL Writers
	Appendix C: Peer Edit Forms
	Appendix D: Partial Exercise Answer Key: Chapters 13–15
	Appendix E: Essay Templates
Glossary
Index