The Economics of Under-Developed Countries

Introduction (v)......Page 4
Contents (ix)......Page 7
Part I—Descriptive and Analytical (1)......Page 12
§1. Diversity in the Under-developed Countries (3)......Page 13
§2. The Relevance of Economics (7)......Page 17
§. Scope of this Book (13)......Page 23
§1. The National Income and ithis Measurement (16)......Page 26
§2. The Measurement of Capital (24)......Page 34
§3. Direct Investment in Agriculture (29)......Page 39
§1. Measurement of the Labour Force (32)......Page 42
§2. Statistics of Occupational Distribution (33)......Page 43
§3. Occupational Distribution and Economic Progress (40)......Page 50
§1. The Concept of Economic Resource (43)......Page 53
§2. The Relation of Natural Resources to Economic Development (45)......Page 55
§3. Accessibility and the Value of Natural Resources (48)......Page 58
§4. Institutional Barriers to The Efficient Use of Natural Resources (51)......Page 61
§5. Unused Natural Resources (52)......Page 62
§1. Scope of Chapters V, VI, VII and VIII (58)......Page 68
§2. Population and Real Income (59)......Page 69
§3. The Extended Family: the Economic Implications of a Social Institution (64)......Page 74
§4. Some Implications of Institutional Change (67)......Page 77
§5. Economic Implications of Restrictive Tendencies (71)......Page 81
§1. Unemployment and Under-employment in Under-developed Countries (74)......Page 84
§2. Wage Rates and Unemployment (76)......Page 86
§3. Monopsony in the Labour Market (79)......Page 89
§1. Remuneration and the Supply of Effort (82)......Page 92
§2. Flexibility of Wants (85)......Page 95
§3. Relative Prices and the Supply of Particular Products (89)......Page 99
§4. Economic Responsiveness (91)......Page 101
§5. Institutions and the Direction of Economic Response (99)......Page 109
§1. The Uneven Distribution of Entrepreneurial Faculties (102)......Page 112
§2. The Foreign Entrepreneur (106)......Page 116
§1. Low Level of Capital in Under-developed Countries (113)......Page 123
§2. High Rates of Interest in Under-developed Countries (115)......Page 125
§3. The Level of Capital and Methods of Production (117)......Page 127
§4. The Distribution of Capital between Sectors and Activities (122)......Page 132
§1. The Relation between Capital and Economic Growth (127)......Page 137
§2. Capital Formation in Under-developed Countries (131)......Page 141
§3. Special Aspects of Capital Formation in Under-developed Countries (134)......Page 144
§4. The International Demonstration Effect (137)......Page 147
§5. Foreign Capital in Under-developed Countries (142)......Page 152
§6. Compulsory Saving—a Reference Forward (146)......Page 156
Part II—Government and Economic Development (147)......Page 157
§1. An Interpretation of Economic Improvement (149)......Page 158
§2. Different Criteria of Economic Advance (151)......Page 160
§3. Decentralised Decision-making (152)......Page 161
§4. Some General Considerations of Public Enterprise in Under-developed Countries (155)......Page 164
§5. Economic Development by Soviet Methods (161)......Page 170
§1. Maintenance of Law and Order (163)......Page 172
§2. Expenditures yielding Indiscriminate Benefits (164)......Page 173
§3. The State and the Distribution of Income and Wealth (166)......Page 175
§4. Aid to Victims of Catastrophe (170)......Page 179
§5. Government and the Institutional Framework (171)......Page 180
§6. Reform of Land Tenure (174)......Page 183
§7. The Consolidation of Agricultural Holdings (177)......Page 186
§8. Problems of Resistance of Economic Change (180)......Page 189
§9. Government and Monopoly (183)......Page 192
§1. Advocacy of Compulsory Saving (190)......Page 199
§2. The Case for Compulsion (191)......Page 200
§3. Some Effects of Taxation in Under-developed Countries (194)......Page 203
§4. Compulsory Saving and Private Enterprise (201)......Page 210
§5. Inflation and Capital Formation (204)......Page 213
§1. Compulsory Revision of Contracts and Prescription of Contract Terms (209)......Page 218
§2. Agricultural Extension Work (217)......Page 226
§3. Conservation of Natural Resources (219)......Page 228
§4. Promotion of Co-operative Enterprise (223)......Page 232
§5. Compulsory Co-operation (227)......Page 236
§6. Price and Income Stabilisation (229)......Page 238
§1. Inter-relationships between Agriculture and Industry (235)......Page 244
§2. Advocacy of Industrialisation (237)......Page 246
§3. Terms of Trade and the Case for Industrialisation (241)......Page 250
§4. Some Economic Arguments for Assisted Industrialisation (243)......Page 252
§5. Industrialisation and 'Balanced Growth' (247)......Page 256
§6. Industrialisation and Economic Diversification (250)......Page 259
§7. Small-scale Industry (252)......Page 261
§8. Official Measures retarding Industrialisation (254)\......Page 263
Index (259)......Page 267
About the Authors......Page 279