The Economics of Microgrids

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
Chapter 1 Fundamentals of Microgrids
	1.1 Introduction to Microgrids
	1.2 Distributed Energy Resources for Microgrids
	1.3 The Role of Microgrid in Power Systems
		1.3.1 Reliability
		1.3.2 Resiliency
		1.3.3 Power Quality
	1.4 Microgrid Technologies
		1.4.1 Microgrid Power Management and Control
		1.4.2 Microgrid Islanding
		1.4.3 Microgrid Protection
		1.4.4 Microgrid Communications and Human–Machine Interface (HMI)
	1.5 Overview
	References
Chapter 2 Microgrid Operations Economics
	2.1 Fundamentals of Microgrid Operations Economics
	2.2 Dynamics of Optimal Scheduling in Microgrids
		2.2.1 T − τ Islanding Criterion
	2.3 An Economic Model for Microgrid Optimal Scheduling with Multi-Period Islanding
		2.3.1 Grid-Connected Operations
		2.3.2 Islanded Operations
	2.4 Case Study
	2.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 3 Resilience Economics in Microgrids
	3.1 The Art of Resilience
	3.2 The Impact of Uncertainty
	3.3 An Economic Model for Microgrid Resilience
	3.4 Case Study
	3.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 4 Community Microgrid Operations Management
	4.1 Principles of Community Microgrids
	4.2 Economic Variables in Community Microgrid Operations
	4.3 An Economic Model for Community Microgrid Operations Management
		4.3.1 Master Controller
		4.3.2 Local Controller
		4.3.3 Price Signal Calculation
		4.3.4 Uncertainty Consideration
	4.4 Case Study
	4.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 5 Provisional Microgrids for Renewable Energy Integration
	5.1 Economic Considerations in Provisional Microgrids
	5.2 An Economic Model for Provisional Microgrids
		5.2.1 Component Modeling
		5.2.2 Problem Formulation
	5.3 Case Study
		5.3.1 Case 1: A.Baseline Case with Load, Non-Dispatchable Generation, and Market Price Uncertainties
		5.3.2 Case 2: Considering Uncertainty in the Coupled Microgrid's Available Unused Capacity
		5.3.3 Case 2(a): Employing Fast Charge/Discharge Energy Storage
		5.3.4 Case 2(b): Addition of a 1MW Dispatchable Unit
	5.4 Summary
	References
Chapter 6 Engineering Economics of Microgrid Investments
	6.1 Principles of Engineering Economics in Microgrids
	6.2 Economic Variables in Microgrid Investments
		6.2.1 Reliability
		6.2.2 Resiliency
		6.2.3 Carbon Emission Reduction
		6.2.4 Reduced Costs of Recurring System Upgrades
		6.2.5 Energy Efficiency
		6.2.6 Power Quality
		6.2.7 Lowered Energy Costs
	6.3 Capital Expenditure and Cash Flow Analysis for Microgrids
		6.3.1 Microgrid with a Single DER
		6.3.2 Microgrid with Multiple DERs
	6.4 Case Study
	6.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 7 Microgrid Planning Under Uncertainty
	7.1 Dynamics of Uncertainty in Microgrids
	7.2 Economics of Uncertainty in Microgrids
	7.3 An Economic Model for Microgrid Planning Under Uncertainty
		7.3.1 Microgrid Planning Objective
		7.3.2 Planning Constraints
		7.3.3 Operational Constraints
		7.3.4 Economic Assessment of DER Selection
	7.4 Case Study
		7.4.1 PDC vs Chronological Curve
		7.4.2 Optimal Microgrid Planning
	7.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 8 Microgrid Expansion Planning
	8.1 Principles of Microgrid Expansion
	8.2 Economic Variables for Microgrid Expansion
		8.2.1 AC vs. DC Microgrid Planning
		8.2.2 Hybrid Microgrid Planning
	8.3 Economic Viability Assessment Model
	8.4 Case Study
		8.4.1 Uncertainty Consideration
		8.4.2 Computational Complexity
	8.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 9 Microgrids for Asset Management in Power Systems
	9.1 Principles of Asset Management
	9.2 Economic Variables in Microgrid Asset Management
		9.2.1 The IEEE Standard – Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers
		9.2.2 Transformer Asset Management via Microgrid Optimal Scheduling
	9.3 An Economic Model for Integration of Microgrids in Asset Management
		9.3.1 Microgrid Optimal Scheduling (Master Problem)
		9.3.2 Transformer Asset Management (Subproblem)
	9.4 Case Study
	9.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 10 Dynamics of Microgrids in Distribution Network Flexibility
	10.1 Principles of Distribution Network Flexibility
	10.2 Economic Variables for Microgrids in Electricity Distribution Networks
	10.3 Economic Models for Distribution Network Operations Under Microgrid Dynamics
		10.3.1 Operation Constraints (Os)
		10.3.2 Flexibility Constraints (Fs)
		10.3.3 Islanding Considerations
	10.4 Case Study
	10.5 Summary
	References
Chapter 11 Microgrid Operations Under Electricity Market Dynamics
	11.1 Principles of Microgrid Operations Under Electricity  Markets
	11.2 Economic Variables of Electricity Markets in Microgrid Operations
	11.3 An Economic Model for Microgrid Operations Planning Under Market Dynamics
		11.3.1 Microgrid Level
		11.3.2 DMO Level
		11.3.3 ISO Level
	11.4 Case Study
	11.5 Summary
	References
Index
EULA