The Distributed Workplace: Sustainable Work Environments

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Foreword......Page 7
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgements......Page 9
SUSTAINABILITY......Page 11
THE NEW ECONOMY AND NEW WAYS OF WORKING......Page 18
ALTERNATIVE WORKPLACES......Page 24
2 Workplace evaluation......Page 30
CHANGING DEMANDS......Page 32
The move towards building intelligence......Page 33
Visionary concepts......Page 35
NEW ENVIRONMENTS FOR WORKING......Page 37
Activity settings......Page 40
Zoning......Page 41
Multiple workplaces......Page 42
Blurring boundaries of places used for work purposes and private life......Page 44
The workplace as expression......Page 45
Flexible work as part of a broader transformation of organizations......Page 46
Office solutions for the e-lance economy......Page 49
Integrating the physical and the virtual......Page 50
Designing physical and virtual spaces......Page 51
THE INTELLIGENT CITY......Page 52
FROM EFFICIENCY TO EFFECTIVENESS......Page 58
LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING APPROACHES......Page 67
SUSTAINABILITY-GROUNDED MEASURES......Page 73
Working definitions......Page 74
Drivers of change......Page 75
Accounting for the triple bottom line......Page 76
INITIAL DISTRIBUTED WORKPLACE MODEL......Page 78
Implications of hybrid workspace......Page 82
Research findings......Page 84
The business context......Page 85
Workplace strategies......Page 86
User reactions......Page 90
Knowledge work activities—the layers of what we do......Page 92
Rethinking work activities......Page 93
Levels of activity analysis......Page 95
The workscape—the layers of where we work......Page 97
Work environment......Page 98
Virtual work setting......Page 99
Workscapes and hybrid work environments......Page 100
Four key mediating factors of activities......Page 102
Six characteristics of workscapes......Page 104
MATCHING WORK ACTIVITIES AND WORKSCAPES......Page 109
Number of participants/geographical distribution of participants/relationship needed with participants for success/current relationship with participants......Page 110
Intermittency/continuity of activity......Page 112
Importance......Page 113
Degree of confidentiality required......Page 114
The wider organizational context......Page 115
The need to maintain the group......Page 116
Illustrations of the approach......Page 117
Example—PowerPoint presentation from the Pompidou Centre......Page 118
The application of these ideas......Page 121
Global......Page 124
Local workplace solutions (FM/Corporate Real Estate, etc.) staff......Page 125
Project groups......Page 126
Current conditions and project charter......Page 127
Project steps......Page 128
Validation......Page 131
Planning......Page 132
Post-occupancy......Page 133
Fast-track or full service workplace solutions......Page 134
ICT ISSUES......Page 135
The internet and broadband......Page 137
Mobility and wireless communications......Page 138
The four-layer model......Page 139
IT impact on location, space and structure......Page 140
Communications......Page 141
Technology and implementation options......Page 142
HUMAN INTERACTION AND COMMUNICATIONS ISSUES......Page 143
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE......Page 148
Kotter and Heskett......Page 150
Goffee and Jones......Page 151
Handy......Page 152
Deal and Kennedy......Page 153
Young......Page 154
Knowledge work and corporate culture......Page 155
WORKPLACE CHANGE MANAGEMENT......Page 159
User involvement in workplace change......Page 160
Change management tools and techniques......Page 164
TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE WORKPLACE STRATEGY......Page 166
Phase A: defining the context......Page 169
Phase B: developing the strategy......Page 170
Phase C: implementing the strategy......Page 172
Sustainability checklist......Page 173
6 Costing strategies......Page 176
 CONSTRUCTING THE BUSINESS CASE......Page 177
Establish staff numbers now and in the future13......Page 178
Work out the time that staff will spend at different workplaces......Page 179
Preparation of cost models......Page 180
Business-related factors......Page 181
Facilities management......Page 183
Property-related factors......Page 185
Premises services......Page 187
Business support services......Page 188
Staff support services......Page 190
PROTOTYPE MODEL RESULTS......Page 191
7 Design and the distributed workplace......Page 195
REQUIREMENTS OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY......Page 196
Interaction......Page 198
Capacity......Page 199
Response of the supply side......Page 200
THE SHARED WORKPLACE......Page 201
The neighbourhood or project work centre......Page 204
Use of the neighbourhood centre......Page 208
Supporting major corporate users......Page 210
The corporate centre......Page 216
Regus Portman Square......Page 217
loD Hub......Page 218
The Kings Fund library......Page 219
SUSTAINABILITY METRICS FOR THE DISTRIBUTED WORKPLACE......Page 221
Types of data......Page 223
Condition indicators......Page 224
Lagging indicators......Page 225
Indices of performance......Page 226
Measures of compliance with standards or codes of practice......Page 228
Measures of the business value......Page 230
Workplace indicators focusing on business and workplace strategy......Page 231
B. Indicators for aspects of company activities in the marketplace could include the following.......Page 232
C. The indicators that describe the relationship that a company has with the community could include the following.......Page 233
E. Indicators dealing with ethics and human rights also found within the realm of sustainability indicators could include the following.......Page 234
Developing better sustainable workplace indicators......Page 235
Towards an alternative (holistic) evaluation methodology......Page 236
Notes......Page 239
Bibliography......Page 242
Appendix One: Glossary......Page 251
Appendix Two: Case studies......Page 256
Appendix Three: An outline of CSR initiatives, guidelines and principles......Page 265
Appendix Four:  Sustainability indicators, systems and standards......Page 272
Index......Page 283