The Decline of the Death Penalty and the Discovery of Innocence

COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 3
TITLE......Page 5
COPYRIGHT......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 7
LIST OF TABLES......Page 9
LIST OF FIGURES......Page 11
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 15
1 INNOCENCE AND THE DEATH PENALTY DEBATE......Page 19
THE DISCOVERY OF INNOCENCE......Page 21
A NEW ARGUMENT IN AN OLD DEBATE......Page 23
A POLICY REVERSAL......Page 25
FRAMING, THE STATUS QUO, AND POLICY CHANGE......Page 27
REFRAMING CAPITAL PUNISHMENT......Page 31
GOALS AND STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK......Page 34
LONG-TERM TRENDS IN THE UNITED STATES AND WORLDWIDE......Page 41
THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE MODERN U.S. DEATH PENALTY......Page 44
RACE......Page 51
DEATH SENTENCES, EXECUTIONS, AND DEATH ROW......Page 53
Death Sentences......Page 55
Death Row......Page 57
EXONERATIONS......Page 58
COST......Page 61
PUBLIC OPINION......Page 63
CONCLUSION......Page 65
3 A CHRONOLOGY OF INNOCENCE......Page 67
A TRADITION OF WRONGFUL CONVICTION......Page 71
THE RISE OF THE INNOCENCE FRAME......Page 72
Organized Efforts: The Unique Role of Legal Aid Clinics......Page 74
Illinois: A Tidal Wave of Activity......Page 82
The Nation: Taken by Storm......Page 89
The Supreme Court: Two Key Decisions in a New Direction......Page 109
Media Attention to Exonerations......Page 111
A SOCIAL MOVEMENT, A PUBLIC RELATIONS CAMPAIGN, OR WHAT?......Page 118
CONCLUSION......Page 119
4 THE SHIFTING TERMS OF DEBATE......Page 120
DOCUMENTING THE SHIFTING FOCI OF DEBATE......Page 121
THE AMOUNT AND TONE OF ATTENTION......Page 132
THE TOPICS OF ATTENTION......Page 137
THE TOPIC DETERMINES THE TONE......Page 139
FROM VICTIM TO DEFENDANT......Page 140
COMPARING THE NEW YORK TIMES WITH OTHER MEDIA OUTLETS......Page 145
WHAT CAUSED THE SURGE IN ATTENTION IN 2000?......Page 150
CONCLUSION......Page 152
5 INNOCENCE, RESONANCE, AND OLD ARGUMENTS MADE NEW AGAIN......Page 154
WHAT IS DIFFERENT ABOUT THE INNOCENCE FRAME?......Page 156
EVOLUTIONARY FACTOR ANALYSIS......Page 159
A NEW LOOK AT THE EVOLUTION OF THE DEATH PENALTY DEBATE......Page 161
MEASURING THE POWER OF THE INNOCENCE FRAME......Page 166
OLD ARGUMENTS MADE NEW AGAIN......Page 171
ATTENTION-SHIFTS AND TENOR OF THE DEATH PENALTY DEBATE......Page 174
APPENDIX: EVOLUTIONARY FACTOR ANALYSIS......Page 176
Step 1: Develop a Comprehensive Dataset......Page 178
Step 2: Perform Dynamic Factor Analysis (i.e., Standard Factor Analysis Performed on Moving Windows)......Page 179
Step 4: Identify Evolutionary Frames......Page 180
Step 5: Define and Name the Frames......Page 181
Step 6: Incorporate Salience......Page 182
6 PUBLIC OPINION......Page 184
MOVING FROM THE INDIVIDUAL LEVEL TO AGGREGATE ANALYSIS......Page 185
INDIVIDUAL ATTITUDES TOWARD THE DEATH PENALTY......Page 187
THE DYNAMICS OF AMERICAN ATTITUDES TOWARD......Page 190
ANALYZING PUBLIC OPINION......Page 200
Analysis......Page 205
CONCLUSIONS......Page 215
APPENDIX......Page 217
7 THE RISE AND FALL OF A PUBLIC POLICY......Page 218
ANNUAL DEATH SENTENCES......Page 219
ANALYZING DEATH SENTENCES......Page 221
Analysis......Page 224
CONCLUSIONS......Page 232
8 CONCLUSION......Page 234
THE RISE AND DECLINE OF A PUBLIC POLICY......Page 235
THE IMPACT OF FRAMING......Page 238
NECESSARY CONDITIONS, SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS, AND COMPLEXITY......Page 239
THE (OCCASIONAL) POWER OF THE WEAK......Page 242
THE DEATH PENALTY IN AMERICA......Page 243
EPILOGUE: INDIVIDUALS EXONERATED FROM DEATH ROW......Page 249
APPENDIX A: NEW YORK TIMES CAPITAL PUNISHMENT COVERAGE, 1960 TO 2005......Page 261
TONE......Page 262
MENTIONS OF CRIME, MODE OF EXECUTION, AND LEGISLATION (CODE AS MANY AS APPLY)......Page 263
Morality Arguments......Page 264
Fairness Arguments......Page 265
Constitutionality and Popular Control Arguments......Page 267
Mode of Execution Arguments......Page 268
Other Arguments......Page 269
DEATH SENTENCES......Page 270
HOMICIDES......Page 271
NET PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR THE DEATH PENALTY (ANNUAL AND QUARTERLY MEASURES)......Page 272
2. THE DEATH PENALTY IN AMERICA......Page 283
4. THE SHIFTING TERMS OF DEBATE......Page 285
5. INNOCENCE, RESONANCE, AND OLD ARGUMENTS MADE NEW AGAIN......Page 286
6. PUBLIC OPINION......Page 288
7. THE RISE AND FALL OF A PUBLIC POLICY......Page 291
8. CONCLUSION......Page 292
REFERENCES......Page 293
INDEX......Page 303