The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

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CONTENTS: VOLUME TWO
	CHAPTER XLI: Conquests of Justinian in the West. Character and first Campaigns of Belisarius. He invades and subdues the Vandal Kingdom of Africa. His Triumph. The Gothic War. He recovers Sicily, Naples, and Rome. Siege of Rome by the Goths. Their Retreat and Losses. Surrender of Ravenna. Glory of Belisarius. His domestic Shame and Misfortunes.
	CHAPTER XLII: State of the Barbaric World. Establishment of the Lombards on the Danube. Tribes and Inroads of the Sclavonians. Origin, Empire, and Embassies of the Turks. The Flight of the Avars. Chosroes I., or Nushirvan, King of Persia. His prosperous Reign and Wars with the Romans. The Colchian or Logic War. The Ethiopians.
	CHAPTER XLIII: Rebellions of Africa. Restoration of the Gothic Kingdom by Totila. Loss and Recovery of Rome. Final Conquest of Italy by Narses. Extinction of the Ostrogoths. Defeat of the Franks and Alemanni. Last Victory, Disgrace, and Death of Belisarius. Death and Character of Justinian. Comet, Earthquakes, and Plague.
	CHAPTER XLIV: Idea of the Roman Jurisprudence. The Laws of the Kings. The Twelve Tables ofthe Deceiuihi The Laws of the People. The Decrees of the Senate. The Edicts of the Magistrates and Emperors. Authority of the Civilians. Code, Pandects, Novels, and Institutes of Justinian: I. Rights of Persons. II. Rights of Things. III. Private Injuries and Actions. IV. Crimes and Punishments.
	CHAPTER XLV: Reign of the Younger Justin. Embassy of the Avars. Their Settlement on the Danube. Conquest of Italy by the Lombards. Adoption and Reign of Tiberius. Of Maurice. Stale of Italy under the Lombards and the Exarchs Of Ravenna. Distress of Rome. Character and Pontificate of Gregory the First.
	CHAPTER XLVI: Revolutions of Persia after the Death of the Chosroes or Nushirvan. His Son Hormouz, a Tyrant, is deposed. Usurpation of Bahram. Flight and Restoration of Chosroes II. His Gratitude to the Romans. The Chagan of the Avars. Revolt of the Army against Maurice. His Death. Tyranny of Phocas. Elevation of Heraclius. The Persian War. Chosroes subdues Syria, Egypt, and Asia Minor. Siege of Constantinople by the Persians and Avars. Persian Expeditions. Victories and Triumphs of Heraclius
	CHAPTER XLVII: Theological History of the Doctrine of the Incarnation. The Human and Divine Mature of Christ. Enmity of the Patriarchs of Alexandria and Constantinople. St. Cyril and Nestorius. Third General Council of Ephesus. Heresy of Eutyclies. Fourth General Council of Chalcedon. Civil and Ecclesiastical Discord. Intolerance of Justinian. The Three Chapters. The Monothelite Controversy. Stateof the Oriental Sects. I. The Nestorians. II. The Jacobites. III. The Maronites.IV. The Armenians. V. The Copts. VI. Abyssmians
	CHAPTER XLVIII: Plan of the last two [quarto] Volumes. Succession and Characters of the Greek Emperors of Constantinople from the Time of Heraclius to the Latin Conquest
	CHAPTER XLIX: Introduction, Worship, and Persecution of Images. Revolt of Italy and Rome. Temporal Dominion of the Popes. Conquest of Italy by the Franks. Establishment of Images. Character and Coronation of Charlemagne. Restoration and Decay of the Roman Empire in the West. Independence of Italy. Constitution of the Germanic Body
	CHAPTER L: Description of Arabia and its Inhabitants. Birth, Character, and Doctrine of Mohammed. He preaches at Mecca. Flies to Medina. Propagates his Religion by the Sword. Voluntary or reluctant Submission of the Arabs. His Death and Successors. The Claims and Fortunes of Ali and his Descendants
	CHAPTER LI: The Conquest of Persia, Syria, Egypt, Africa, and Spain, by the Arabs or Saracens. Empire of the Caliphs, or Successors of Mohammed. State of the Christians, etc., under their Government
	CHAPTER LII: The Two Sieges of Constantinople by the Arabs. Their Invasion of France, and Defeat by Charles Martel. Civil War of the Ommiades and Abbassldes. Learning of the Arabs. Luxury of the Caliphs. Naval Enterprises on Crete, Sicily, and Rome. Decay and Division of the Empire of the Caliphs. Defeats and Victories of the Greek Emperors
	CHAPTER LIII: State of the Eastern Empire in the Tenth Century. Extent and Division. Wealth and Revenue. Palace of Constantinople. Titles and Offices. Pride and Power of the Emperors. Tactics of the Greeks, Arabs, and Franks. Loss of the Latin Tongue. Studies and Solitude of the Greeks
	CHAPTER LIV: Origin and Doctrine of the Paulicians. Their Persecution by the Greek Emperors. Revolt in Armenia, etc. Transplantation into Thrace. Propagation in the West. The Seeds, Character, and Consequences of the Reformation
	CHAPTER LV: The Bulgarians. Origin, Migrations, and Settlement of the Hungarians. Their Inroads in the East and West. The Monarchy of Russia. Geography and Trade. Wars of the Russians against the Greek Empire. Conversion of the Barbarians
	CHAPTER LVI: The Saracens, Franks, and Creeks, in Italy. First Adventures and Settlement of the Normans. Character and Conquests of Robert Cuiscard, Duke of Apulia. Deliverance of Sicily by his Brother Roger. Victories of Robert over the Emperors of the East and West. Roger, King of Sicily, invades Africa and Greece. The Emperor Manuel Comnenus. Wars of the Greeks and Normans. Extinction of the Normans
	CHAPTER LVII: The Turks of the House of Seljtuk. Their Revolt against Mahmud, Conqueror of Hindostan. Togrul subdues Persia, and protects the Caliphs. Defeat and Captivity of the Emperor Romanus Diogenes by Alp Arslan. Power and Magnificence of Malek Shah. Conquest of Asia Minor and Syria. Slate and Oppression of Jerusalem. Pilgrimages to the Holy Sepulchre
	CHAPTER LVIII: Origin and Numbers of the First Crusade. Characters of the Latin Princes. Their March to Constantinople. Policy of the Greek Emperor Alexius. Conquest of Nice, Antioch, and Jerusalem, by the Franks. Deliverance of the Holy Sepulchre. Godfrey of Bouillon, First King of Jerusalem. Institutions of the French or Latin Kingdom
	CHAPTER LIX: Preservation of the Greek Empire. Numbers, Passage, and Event of the Second and Third Crusades. St. Bernard. Reign of Saladin in Egypt and Syria. His Conquest of Jerusalem. Naval Crusades. Richard the First of England. Pope Innocent the Third; and the Fourth and Fifth Crusades. The Emperor Frederic the Second. Louis the Ninth of France; and the two last Crusades. Expulsion of the Latins or Franks by the Mamalukes
	CHAPTER LX: Schism ofthe Greeks and Latins. State of Constantinople. Revolt of the Bulgarians. Isaac Angelas dethroned by his Brother Alexius. Origin of the Fourth Crusade. Alliance of the French and Venetians with the Son of Isaac. Their Naval Expedition to Constantinople. The Two Sieges and Final Conquest of the City by the Latins
	CHAPTER LXI: Partition of the Empire by the French and Venetians. Five Latin Emperors of the Houses of Flanders and Courtenay. Their Wars against the Bulgarians and Greeks. Weakness and Poverty of the Latin Empire. Recovery of Constantinople by the Greeks. General Consequences of the Crusades
	CHAPTER LXII: The Greek Emperors of Nice and Constantinople. Elevation and Reign of Michael Palaeologus. His false Union with the Pope and the Latin Church. Hostile Designs of Charles of Anjou. Revolt of Sicily. War of the Catalans in Asia and Greece. Revolutions and Present State of Athens
	CHAPTER LXIII: Civil Wars, and Ruin of the Greek Empire. Reigns of Andronicus the Elder and Younger, and John Palaeologus. Regency, Revolt, Reign, and Abdication of John Cantacuzene. Establishment of a Genoese Colony at Pera or Galata. Their Wars with the Empire and City of Constantinople
	CHAPTER LXIV: Conquests of Zingis Khan and the Moguls from China to Poland. Escape of Constantinople and the Greeks. Origin of the Ottoman Turks in Bithynia. Reigns and Victories of Othman, Orchan, Amurath the First, and Bajazet the First. Foundation and Progress of the Turkish Monarchy in Asia and Europe. Danger of Constantinople and the Greek Empire
	CHAPTER LXV: Elevation of Timour or Tamerlane to the Throne of Samarcand. His Conquests in Persia, Georgia, Tartary, Russia, India, Syria, and Anatolia. His Turkish War. Defeat and Captivity of Bajazet. Death to Timour. Civil War of the Sons of Bajazet. Restoration of the Turkish Monarchy by Mohammed the First. Siege of Constantinople by Amurath the Second
	CHAPTER LXVI: Applications of the Eastern Emperors to the Popes. Visits to the West of John the First, Manuel, and John the Second, Palaologus. Union of the Greek and Latin Churches promoted by the Council of Basil, and concluded at Ferrara and Florence. State of Literature at Constantinople. Its Revival in Italy by the Greek Fugitives. Curiosity and Emulation of the Latins
	CHAPTER LXVII: Schism of the Greeks and Latins. Reign and Character of Amurath the Second. Crusade of Ladislaus, King of Hungary. His Defeat and Death. John Huniades. Scanderbeg. Constantine Palaologus, last Emperor of the East
	CHAPTER LXVIII: Reign and Character of Mohammed the Second. Siege, Assault, and Final Conquest of Constantinople by the Turks. Death of Constantine Palaologus. Servitude of the Greeks. Extinction of the Roman Empire in the East. Consternation of Europe. Conquests and Death of Mohammed the Second
	CHAPTER LXIX: State of Rome from the Twelfth Century. Temporal Dominion of the Popes. Seditions of the City. Political Heresy of Arnold of Brescia. Restoration of the Republic. The Senators. Pride of the Romans. Their Wars. They are deprived of the Election and Presence of the Popes, who retire to Avignon. The Jubilee. Noble Families of Rome. Feud of the Colonna and Ursini
	CHAPTER LXX: Character and Coronation of Petrarch. Restoration of the Freedom and Government of Rome by the Tribune Rienzi. His Virtues and Vices, his Expulsion and Death. Return of the Popes from Avignon. Great Schism of the West. Reunion of the Latin Church. Last Struggles of Roman Liberty. Statutes of Rome. Final Settlement of the Ecclesiastical State
	CHAPTER LXXI: Prospect of the Ruins of Rome in the Fifteenth Century. Four Causes of Decay and Destruction. Example of the Coliseum. Renovation of the City. Conclusion of the Whole Work
NOTES: CHAPTERS XLI—LXXI
MAPS: VOLUME II
	VIII. THE GAROLINGIAN EMPIRE
	IX. THE EMPIRE OF THE CALIPHS
	X. THE LATIN STATES IN SYRIA
	XI. THE CRUSADES
	XII. THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, 1481
	XIII. CONSTANTINOPLE AND VICINITY
	XIV. MEDIAEVAL TRADE ROUTES
INDEX