The Cost of Air Pollution_ Heal - OECD

Foreword
Table of contents
List of abbreviations
Executive summary
Chapter 1. Defining the economic cost of health impacts
	1.1. Mortality: The value of statistical life
	1.2. Morbidity: In search of a standard method
	1.3. The dominance of mortality costs over morbidity costs
		Table 1.1. CAFÉ Programme cost-benefit analysis (CBA), with and without WTP values
		Table 1.2. TSAP cost-benefit analysis (CBA), with mortality in VOLYs and VSLs
	Notes
	References
Chapter 2. Reviewing the evidence on and calculating the cost of the health impacts of air pollution
	2.1. Improved reporting versus real changes in impacts and costs
		Box 2.1. The new epidemiological evidence-base on air pollution
		Figure 2.1. Estimates of deaths from ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution
		Table 2.1. Selected risk factors ranked by attributable burden of disease in 1990 and 2010
		Table 2.2. Selected risk factors ranked by attributable burden of disease in selected regions in 2010
		The real change in impacts and costs: Three links in the chain
			Figure 2.2. The economic cost of the health impacts of air pollution from road transport: Three links in the chain
			Figure 2.3. The economic cost of the health impacts of air pollution from road transport: Three bases of evidence
	2.2. Air pollution from road transport
		Air pollution in OECD countries
		Air pollution in China, India and the rest of the world
	2.3. Health impacts of air pollution
		Figure 2.4. Deaths from ambient air pollution
		Table 2.3. Deaths, YLLs and DALYs from ambient air pollution in 2005 and 2010
		Health impacts in OECD countries
			Table 2.4. Deaths from ambient air pollution in OECD countries
			Table 2.5. Years of life lost (YLL) from ambient air pollution in OECD countries in 2005 and 2010
			Table 2.6. Disability-adjusted life years lost (DALYs) from ambient air pollution in OECD countries in 2005 and 2010
		Health impacts in China
			Table 2.7. Deaths from ambient air pollution in China in 2005 and 2010
			Table 2.8. YLLs from ambient air pollution in China in 2005 and 2010
			Table 2.9. DALYs from ambient air pollution in China in 2005 and 2010
		Health impacts in India
			Table 2.10. Deaths from ambient air pollution in India in 2005 and 2010
			Table 2.11. YLLs from ambient air pollution in India in 2005 and 2010
			Table 2.12. DALYs from ambient air pollution in India in 2005 and 2010
		Mortalities from air pollution per million capita
			Figure 2.5. Deaths from ambient air pollution in OECD countries, China and India, per million capita, in 2005 and 2010
	2.4. Economic cost of the health impacts of air pollution
		Box 2.2. Calculating country-specific VSLs: Adjustment factors and illustrative example
			Table. Inflation and real GDP per capita annual growth of Denmark
		Box 2.3. Calculating country-specific VSLs: The formula applied in this book
		Economic costs in OECD countries
			Table 2.13. Economic cost of deaths from ambient air pollution in OECD countries in 2005 and 2010
			Table 2.14. Indicative estimate of the economic cost of health impacts from ambient air pollution including morbidities in OECD countries in 2005 and 2010
		Economic costs in China
			Table 2.15. Economic cost of deaths from ambient air pollution in China in 2005 and 2010
			Table 2.16. Indicative estimate of the economic cost of health impacts from ambient air pollution including morbidities in China in 2005 and 2010
		Economic costs in India
			Table 2.17. Economic cost of deaths from ambient air pollution in India in 2005 and 2010
			Table 2.18. Indicative estimate of the economic cost of health impacts from ambient air pollution including morbidities in India in 2005 and 2010
	2.5. Road transport’s share of the above economic cost
		Estimates of road transport’s share in OECD countries
			Table 2.19. Indicative estimate of road transport’s share of the economic cost of deaths from ambient air pollution in EU24 in 2010
			Table 2.20. Indicative estimate of road transport’s share of the economic cost of health impacts from ambient air pollution including morbidities in EU24 in 2010
			Table 2.21. Indicative estimate of road transport’s share of the economic cost of deaths from ambient air pollution in OECD countries in 2010
			Table 2.22. Indicative estimate of road transport’s share of the economic cost of health impacts from ambient air pollution including morbidities in OECD countries in 2010
		Estimates of roads transport’s share in China, India and the rest of the world
	Notes
	References
Chapter 3. Rethinking appraisals to mitigate the health impacts of air pollution from road transport
	Table 3.1. TSAP CBA; costs, benefits and B/C ratios
	Figure 3.1. TSAP CBA; costs and benefits
	Table 3.2. Car, bus and rail revenues in relation to marginal social costs in Great Britain
	References