The Complex Role of Patient Trust in Oncology (Psychiatry Update, 5)

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: The Relational Component of Trust in Oncology
	Introduction
	Background
		Who Says Trust Is Lost?
		Why Examine Trust in Relation to Oncology Practice?
		Why Has Trust Disappeared?
			A Question of Professionalism?
			An Increasing Concern for Trustworthiness and Difficulties Evaluating It
			Dismissing the Basic Tenets of Scientific Medicine
			Physician as Employee and the Commodification of Medicine
			Societal Expectations in Risk Perception and Risk Acceptance
	Discussion
		What Do We Even Mean by Trust in Medicine and Oncology?
		A Framework to Understand Trust in Medicine and Oncology
		Loss of Trust in Medicine: A Relational Perspective
		Other Considerations in Restoring Trust
			The Problem with Commodification of Trust
			The Problem with Guidelines and Regulations Meant to Enhance and Restore Trust
		Reconsidering Trust Loss in Medicine and Oncology
		Relevance to Oncology
		Restoring Trust
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 2: Fiduciary or Not? Healthcare Systems and Oncology
	Components of the Healthcare System
	The Case of Denied Services
	Trust in Healthcare System Components
	The Knowledge Gap Disparity
	Medical Education and Trainees
	Fiduciary Care for the Non-trusting
	The Value Paradigm
	Summary
	References
Chapter 3: Medical Oversight and Public Trust of Medicine: Breaches of Trust
	Introduction
	Breaches of Trust
		Invasion of Privacy
			Physical Privacy
			Informational Privacy
			Decisional Privacy
			Associational Privacy
		Withholding Information
			Fear of the Unknown: Risk Disclosure and Code Status
			Omission of Error
			Conflicts of Interest
			Paternalism in Medicine
		Informed Consent
			Nuremberg Code
			Declaration of Helsinki
			Belmont Report
		Abuse of Power
			Spectrum of Coercion
			Respect for Persons
		Contemporary Breaches of Trust
			Social Media and Health Information
			Internet Misinformation
			Professionalism and Social Media
			Personal Healthcare Technology
			Big Data
			COVID-19 and Vaccination Hesitancy
	Relevance for Oncology
	Recommendations for Establishing Trust
	Conclusion
	References
		Further Reading
		Clinical Ethics
		Applications and Recommendations in Clinical Practice
Chapter 4: The First Encounter with Oncology: Patient Experience and Requisite Trust
	Anatomy of the First Encounter
	Physician Competence and Trust
	Death, Distress, and Fear
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5: The Role of Trust in Oncology Across Populations and Cultures: Implications for Health Inequities and Social Justice
	Introduction
	The Socioecological Model for Trust
		Individual-Level Barriers and Facilitators to Trust
		Interpersonal Factors
		Community and Organizational Level Factors
		Policy Level Factors
	Factors Impacting Trust: global perspective
	Evidence-Based Best Practices
		Culturally Tailored Care and Resources to Improve Trust
		Community Health Workers, Promotores, Patient Navigators, and Lay Health Worker Models
		Patient-Centered Communication to Enhance Patient Activation and Trust
		Storytelling and Narrative Techniques
		Community Engagement for Building Trust
		Employer-Based Initiatives for Transparency and Trust
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6: Patients on the Internet: The Information Age and Trust in Medicine, Conspiracies, and Proliferation of False Information
	Introduction: The Problem of Trust in the Information Age
		Provider Patient Relationship
	How Did We Get Here?
		From Print to Digital
		Free and Public Accessibility
		Becoming Literate
		The Rise of the “Infodemic” and Potential Health Misinformation
	Potential Barriers to Trust in the Internet and Health Care
		Read Between the Lines
		Gathering Information
		Cultural Differences and Disparities in Medical Information Use
	Case Continued: Jim
		Misinformation
		Correcting Misinformation
	Case continued: Jim
		Privacy
	Getting Support from Social Media
		Social Media Use for Delivering Interventions
	Setting Guidelines and Policy Regarding Risk for Professional Use
		Guideposts for Improving Trust in the Use of the Internet and Oncology
		Practical Suggestions for Becoming a Smarter User of the Internet for Medical Information
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 7: Patients and Trust: The Impact of Advocacy to Advance Patient-Centered Care
	Introduction
	Post-positivism as a Theoretical Grounding for Patient Trust
	History of Paternalism in Medicine
	Trust in Whom?
	Patient Advocacy
		Cancer Advocacy
		Patient Advocacy Organizations
	Transparency and Inclusion of Patients in Health Care
		Oncology Clinical Pathways
		Copayment Accumulator Programs
		Value in Cancer Care
	Critical Factors for Establishing and Maintaining Patient Trust
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 8: Trust and the Role of Attachment: Implications for Oncology
	Introduction
	Case 1: Activation of the Attachment System
		History of Attachment Theory
		Attachment in Adults
		What Is the Relationship Between Attachment and Trust?
		Why Is Attachment a Key Component to Trust in Oncology?
		Why Do Some Patients Trust While Others Do Not?
		Responding to Different Attachment Styles: Interventions and the Deliberation of Trust
	Case 2: Oncology Inpatient Setting and Insecure Attachment Style in the Inpatient Setting
	Case 3: Avoidant Attachment at the End-of-Life
	Specific Clinical Scenarios
	Conclusion: Attachment Style and Its Association with the Concept of Patient Centered Care
	References
Chapter 9: Patient Trust Through the Lens of Integrative Oncology
	Introduction
	Trust-Related Issues in the “Alternative Medicine” Setting
		The “Alternative Medicine” Patient’s Health Belief-Model
		The Healthcare Provider’s Perspective of Trust
		Establishing Trust Across the HBM of the Patient and HCP
		Promoting Health vs. Treating Disease
		Accusation vs. Reconciliation and Innocence
	From Traditional to Integrative Medicine
	Issues of Trust in the Integrative Medicine Setting
	Practical Approach to Communication and Building Trust with the “Other” Patient
	Conclusions
	References
Chapter 10: Building Trust and Future Directions
	Introduction
	Understanding Trust from the Developmental Narrative
	Trust Established and Sustained by the Virtues of the Mature Physician
	Impact of Education on Trust
		Teaching the Virtues of Medicine to Students/Trainee Doctors
		Role of Supervision, Modelling, the Hidden Curriculum
		Role of Communication Skills Training to Foster Relationships
		Question Prompt Lists to Foster Patient Advocacy
		Audio-Recording Important Clinical Consultations
		Multidisciplinary Team Meetings
		Responding to Side-Effects and Medical Errors
		Openness to Discuss Death, Dying and the Existential Realm
	Impact of the Media and Public Health on Trust
		Education of the Public—Building Health Literacy in Societies
		Reliability of the Internet and Other Sources
		Countering Misinformation
		Case Study
		Translating Complex Medical Principles
	Culture, Language and Explanatory Models of Illness
	National Models of Health Care in a Global World
	Future Directions and Conclusion
	References
		Further Reading
		World Health Organization Publications
Index