The Cognitive Neurosciences

Contents
......Page 6
Preface......Page 14
I - EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 16
Introduction......Page 18
1 - 
What Is It Like to Be a Human?......Page 20
2 - Adult Neurogenesis in the Primate Forebrain......Page 38
3 - Setting the Stage for Cognition: Genesis of 
the Primate Cerebral Cortex......Page 48
4 - Neuronal Migration in the Brain......Page 66
5 - Patterning of the Cerebral Cortex......Page 84
6 - A New Perspective on the Role of Activity in the Development of Eye-Specific Retinogeniculate Projections......Page 100
7 - Brain and Behavioral Development During Childhood......Page 108
II - 
PLASTICITY......Page 120
Introduction......Page 122
8 - Long-Term Plasticity of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission in the Cerebral Cortex......Page 124
9 - Neurogenesis in the Adult Mammalian Brain......Page 142
10 - Stress, Deprivation, and Adult Neurogenesis......Page 154
11 - Quantitative Analysis of Fetal and Adult Neurogenesis: Regulation of Neuron Number......Page 164
12 - Stem Cell Plasticity: Overview and Perspective......Page 176
13 - How Sex and Stress Hormones Regulate the Structural and Functional Plasticity of the Hippocampus......Page 186
III - 
SENSORY SYSTEMS......Page 198
Introduction......Page 200
14 - The Implications of Metabolic Energy Requirements for the Representation of Information in Neurons......Page 202
15 - Somatosensory Discrimination:Neural Coding and Decision-Making Mechanisms......Page 212
16 - Auditory Cortex in Primates: Functional Subdivisions and Processing Streams......Page 230
17 - A New Foundation for the Visual Cortical Hierarchy......Page 248
18 - Birdsong: Hearing in the Service of 
Vocal Learning......Page 260
19 - Olfaction: From Sniff to Percept......Page 274
20 - Origins of Perception: Retinal Ganglion Cell Diversity and the Creation of Parallel Visual Pathways......Page 296
21 - Mechanisms of Image Processing in the Visual Cortex......Page 318
22 - Receptive Fields and Suppressive Fields in the Early Visual System
......Page 328
23 - Characterization of Neural Responses with Stochastic Stimuli......Page 342
24 - Neuronal Correlates of Visual Attention and Perception......Page 354
25 - Dynamics of Attentional Modulation in Visual Cerebral Cortex......Page 366
26 - Acoustic Stimulus Processing and Multimodal Interactions in Primates......Page 374
27 - Motion Perception and Midlevel Vision......Page 384
28 - Determining an Auditory Scene......Page 400
29 - Short-Term Memory for the Rapid Deployment of Visual Attention......Page 412
IV - MOTOR SYSTEMS
......Page 424
Introduction
......Page 426
30 - Toward a Neurobiology of Coordinate Transformations......Page 428
31 - Cortical Mechanisms Subserving Object Grasping, Action Understanding, and Imitation......Page 442
32 - The Representation of 
Action......Page 456
33 - Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Circuits with the Cerebral Cortex......Page 468
34 - Sensorimotor Transformations in the Posterior Parietal Cortex......Page 478
35 - Brain Mechanisms of 
Praxis......Page 490
36 - Computational Motor Control
......Page 500
37 - The Basal Ganglia and the 
Control of Action......Page 510
38 - Motor Learning and Memory for Reaching and Pointing......Page 526
V - ATTENTION
......Page 540
Introduction
......Page 542
39 - Psychological Issues in Selective Attention
......Page 544
40 - Orienting and Inhibition of 
Return......Page 560
41 - Selective Attention: Electrophysiological and Neuromagnetic Studies......Page 576
42 - Visual Selective Attention: Insights from Brain Imaging and Neurophysiology......Page 590
43 - Spatial Neglect and Extinction......Page 604
44 - Attention and the Frontal Lobes
......Page 622
45 - Attention and Action
......Page 634
46 - Vigilant Attention
......Page 646
VI - MEMORY
......Page 656
Introduction
......Page 658
47 - Synaptic Growth and the Persistence of Long-Term Memory: 
A Molecular Perspective......Page 662
48 - Domain Specificity in Cognitive Systems......Page 680
49 - An Information Processing Framework for Memory Representation by the Hippocampus......Page 694
50 - Medial Temporal Lobe Function and Memory......Page 706
51 - Cognitive Control, Semantic Memory, and Priming: Contributions from Prefrontal Cortex......Page 724
52 - Retrieval Processing in Human Memory: Electrophysiological and fMRI Evidence......Page 742
53 - Neural Correlates of Memory’sSuccesses and Sins......Page 754
VII - 
LANGUAGE......Page 768
Introduction
......Page 770
54 - Prelexical and Lexical Processing in Listening......Page 774
55 - Cognitive and Neural Substrates of Written Language: Comprehension and Production......Page 790
56 - The Neural Basis of Syntactic Processes......Page 804
57 - The Organization of Lexical Knowledge in the Brain:The Grammatical Dimension......Page 818
58 - The Neural Basis of Reading Acquisition......Page 830
59 - Biological Foundations of Language Acquisition: Evidence from Bilingualism......Page 840
60 - The Evolution of Language......Page 852
VIII - HIGHER COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS......Page 862
Introduction
......Page 864
61 - Evolutionary and Developmental Foundations of Human Knowledge: A Case Study of Mathematics......Page 868
62 - From Number Neurons to Mental Arithmetic:The Cognitive Neuroscience of Number Sense......Page 880
63 - Object Categorization, Expertise, and Neural Plasticity......Page 892
64 - Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Face and Object 
Representations in the Human Brain......Page 904
65 - Associative Memory: Representation, Activation, and Cognitive Control......Page 920
66 - Top-Down Mechanisms for Working Memory and Attentional Processes......Page 934
67 - The Brain’s Mind’s Images: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Mental Imagery......Page 946
68 - The Fractionation of Supervisory Control......Page 958
69 - Functional MRI in Monkeys: A Bridge Between Human and Animal Brain Research......Page 972
IX - EMOTION AND SOCIAL NEUROSCIENCE......Page 986
Introduction
......Page 988
70 - Social Neuroscience
......Page 992
71 - The Neural Basis of Fear......Page 1002
72 - The Human Amygdala and Awareness: Interactions Between Emotion and Cognition......Page 1020
73 - Processing of Emotional and Social Information by the Human Amygdala......Page 1032
74 - Stress and Cognition......Page 1046
75 - A General Circuitry Processing Reward/Aversion Information and Its Implications for Neuropsychiatric Illness......Page 1058
76 - A Self Less Ordinary: The Medial Prefrontal Cortex and You......Page 1082
77 - The Cognitive Neuroscience of Knowing One’s Self......Page 1092
78 - Frontal Lobe Contributions to Executive Control of Cognitive and Social Behavior......Page 1106
X - 
CONSCIOUSNESS......Page 1120
Introduction
......Page 1122
79 - How Can We Construct a Science of Consciousness?......Page 1126
80 - The Neurology of Impaired Consciousness: Challenges for Cognitive Neuroscience......Page 1136
81 - A Framework for Consciousness......Page 1148
82 - Neural Mechanisms for Access to Consciousness......Page 1160
83 - Perceiving the World and Grasping It: Dissociations Between Conscious and Unconscious Visual Processing......Page 1174
84 - Neural Correlates of Visual Consciousness in Humans......Page 1188
85 - Split Decisions......Page 1204
86 - Authorship Processing......Page 1216
XI - PERSPECTIVES AND NEW DIRECTIONS......Page 1226
Introduction
......Page 1228
87 - Neuronal Studies of Decision Making in the Visual-Saccadic System......Page 1230
88 - The Neurophysiology of Decision Making as a Window on Cognition......Page 1244
89 - Cortical Plasticity in the Adult Human Brain......Page 1258
90 - Genes and the Development of Neural Networks Underlying Cognitive Processes......Page 1270
91 - Functional Imaging, Neurophysiology, and the Resting State of the Human Brain......Page 1282
92 - Cognitive Neuroimaging: History, Developments, 
and Directions......Page 1296
93 - Social Exchange: The Evolutionary Design of a Neurocognitive System......Page 1310
94 - Bioethical Issues in the Cognitive Neurosciences......Page 1324
Contributors
......Page 1336
Index
......Page 1342