The Climate of Rebellion in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire (Studies in Environment and History)

Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 10
Preface......Page 12
Glossary of Ottoman Terms......Page 16
Introduction......Page 24
The Seventeenth-Century Crisis......Page 27
Near East Environmental History......Page 30
Climate Events in History......Page 35
Introduction to Part I: Rebuilding the Fleet......Page 38
1 Regions, Resources, and Settlement......Page 43
Provisionism......Page 44
Regions......Page 49
Timber......Page 51
Grain......Page 54
Sheep......Page 57
Settlement......Page 62
Conclusion: Ecology and Empire......Page 72
Numbers......Page 75
Population Pressure......Page 82
Barriers to Growth......Page 86
Economic Turmoil and Unrest......Page 96
Conclusion: A Malthusian Crisis?......Page 98
3 Disasters of the Late Sixteenth Century......Page 101
Famine......Page 102
Plague......Page 108
War and Banditry......Page 114
Breakdowns in the Provisioning System......Page 118
Conclusion: Was Crisis Inevitable?......Page 125
The Semiarid Steppe......Page 127
Karaman......Page 129
Larende......Page 136
Center and Periphery......Page 139
Conclusion to Part I: Ottoman Imperial Ecology in Perspective......Page 143
Introduction to Part II: The Freezing of the Bosphorus......Page 146
Climatic Factors in the Near East......Page 149
Reconstructing the Little Ice Age......Page 153
Conclusion: The Onset of the Little Ice Age......Page 160
6 The Great Drought......Page 163
The Drought......Page 164
The Hungarian War......Page 166
The Breakdown of Provisioning Systems......Page 168
The Rise of Banditry......Page 173
Flight, Plague, and Famine......Page 175
Let Them Eat Goat......Page 178
“Karaman’n Koyunu, Sonra Çkar Oyunu”......Page 186
The Celalis......Page 190
The Little Ice Age Continued......Page 197
The Great Celali Campaigns......Page 202
The Climax and Conclusion of Rebellion......Page 204
Conclusion: The Rebellion in Perspective......Page 208
The Ottoman Crisis in Context......Page 210
The Fall of Sultan Osman II......Page 213
A Time of Troubles, 1620s–1630s......Page 221
The Demographic Crisis......Page 227
The Fall of Sultan Ibrahim and the Disasters of 1660......Page 234
The Late Maunder Minimum......Page 238
Conclusion: Climate, Crisis, and Transformation......Page 245
Conclusion to Part II: Climate and Causation in the Ottoman Crisis......Page 246
Introduction to Part III: The Slow Recovery......Page 250
Ottomans and Nomads......Page 252
Settlement and Conflict......Page 255
The Invasion......Page 259
Resettlement Efforts – Promise and Failure......Page 266
Conclusion: The Sheeps Revenge?......Page 270
10 City and Country......Page 272
Urban Growth before the Crisis......Page 273
The Flight to the Cities......Page 277
The Crisis in Ottoman Cities......Page 283
Urban Disease and the Demographic Drain......Page 291
Conclusion......Page 298
11 Provisioning and Commerce......Page 299
From Provisioning to Commerce......Page 300
The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy......Page 304
The Transformation of Ottoman Land Use......Page 307
Changes in the Land?......Page 310
Conclusion: The Opening of Ottoman Lands......Page 314
Conclusion to Part III: The Ottoman Transformation in Ecological Perspective......Page 316
Conclusion......Page 321
Bibliography......Page 324
Index......Page 368