The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Angiogenesis and Metastasis: The CAM assay in the study of angiogenesis and metastasis

Acknowledgments
Contents
Introduction
1 Chorioallantoic Membrane Vasculature
	1.1 Chorioallantoic Membrane and Its Embryological Origin
	1.2 Morphology of Chorioallantoic Membrane Blood Vessels
	1.3 Morphology of Chorioallantoic Membrane  Lymphatic Vessels
	1.4 A Single Blood Sinus or a Capillary Plexus Beneath the Chorionic Epithelium?
	1.5 A New Model of Choriollantoic Membrane Vascular Growth, the Intussusceptive Mode
	1.6 Chorioallantoic Membrane Vascular Growth
2 Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Angiogenesis, Antiangiogenesis, and the Vascularization of Grafted Tissues
	2.1 Use of Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Angiogenic Molecules
	2.2 Role of FGF-2 in Chorioallantoic Membrane Vascularization
	2.3 Use of Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Antiangiogenic Molecules
	2.4 Use of Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Vascularization of Grafted Tissues
3 Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Tumor Angiogenesis
	3.1 Use of Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Tumor Angiogenesis
	3.2 Angiogenesis and Antiangiogenesis in Multiple Myeloma
		3.2.1 Biological and Clinical Studies
		3.2.2 Use of the Chorioallantoic Membrane
	3.3 Angiogenesis and Antiangiogenesis in Human Neuroblastoma
		3.3.1 Biological and Clinical Studies
		3.3.2 Use of Chorioallantoic Membrane
4 Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Tumor Metastasis
	4.1 Use of Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Tumor Metastasis
	4.2 Spontaneous Metastasis Models
	4.3 Experimental Metastasis Studies
5 Other Applications of Chorioallantoic Membrane
	5.1 In Ovo and Ex Ovo Methods
	5.2 Use of Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Tumor Lymphangiogenesis
	5.3 Use of Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Angiogenesis Associated with Wound Healing and Inflammation
	5.4 Use of Chorioallantoic Membrane in the Study of Angiogenic Properties of Biomaterials and of the Evaluation of Drug Delivery Systems
6 Different Morphological Techniques and Methods of Quantifying the Angiogenic Response Used in the Study of Vascularization in the Chorioallantoic Membrane
	6.1 Different Morphological Techniques That Can be Used to Study Vascularization of the CAM and the Genes Involved
	6.2 Methods of Quantifying the Angiogenic Response
7 Advantages and Limitations of Chorioallantoic Membrane in Comparison with Other Classical In Vivo Angiogenesis Assays
	7.1 Advantages and Limitations of Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay
	7.2 Other Classical In Vivo Assays in Comparison (Advantages, Disadvantages, and Limitations) with Chorioallantoic Membrane
		7.2.1 The Corneal Micropocket Assay
		7.2.2 The Sponge/Matrix Implant
		7.2.3 The Disk Angiogenesis System (DAS)
		7.2.4 The Matrigel Plug
		7.2.5 The Dorsal Air Sac Model
		7.2.6 The Chamber Assays
		7.2.7 The Zebrafish
		7.2.8 The Tumor Models
Concluding Remarks
References