The Challenge of Third World Development

Cover
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Understanding Underdevelopment
	Third World Commonalities: The Nature of Underdevelopment
		Economic Underdevelopment
		Social Underdevelopment
		Political Underdevelopment
		Some Relationships between the Components of Development
	The Causes of Underdevelopment
		Modernization Theory and the Importance of Cultural Values
		Dependency Theory: The Core and the Periphery
		Modernization and Dependency Theories Compared
		Contemporary Perspectives
	How Much (or How Little) Progress Has Been Made?
	Discussion Questions
	Notes
Chapter 2 Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy
	Democracy Defined
	Democratic Transition and Consolidation
	Authoritarian Beginnings
	Justifying Authoritarian Rule
	The Third Wave and Its Effect on the Third World
	International Causes and Consequences of the Third Wave
	The Prerequisites of Democracy in Individual Countries
		Social and Economic Modernization
		Class Structure
		Political Culture
		The Curse of Oil Wealth
	How Do Democracies Perform? Public Policy Compared
	Democratic Consolidation
	Improving the Quality of Democracy
	Conclusion
	Discussion Questions
	Notes
Chapter 3 Religion and Politics
	The Meeting of Church and State
	Great Religions of the Third World
	Religion, Modernity, and Secularization
	Structural and Theological Bases of Church–State Relations
		Islam
		Catholicism
		Hinduism and Buddhism
	Religious Fundamentalism and Islamism
		Defining and Explaining Fundamentalism
		Fundamentalists: Radical and Conservative
		The Iranian Revolution: Radical Islamism as a Reaction to Western-Style Modernization
		Al Qaeda and Militant Islamism
		Islamist Terrorists in Western Europe: A New Frontier
		Turkey and Moderate Islamism
		The Strengthening of Moderate Islam
	The Progressive Catholic Church
	The Future of Religion and Politics in the Developing World
	Conclusion: Religion and Democracy
	Discussion Questions
	Notes
Chapter 4 The Politics of Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Conflict
	Defining Ethnicity
	Ethnic and State Boundaries
	Types of Ethnic-Cultural Divisions
		Nationality
		Tribe
		Race
		Religion
	Dependency, Modernization, and Ethnic Conflict
	Levels of Interethnic Conflict
		Relative Harmony
		Uneasy Balance
		Enforced Hierarchy (Ethnic Dominance)
		Systematic Violence
	Outcomes and Resolutions
		Power Sharing: Federalism and Consociationalism
		Secession
		Outside Intervention
		Outside Intervention in Iraq: The Effect of the U.S. Occupation on Kurdish Autonomy
		Settlement through Exhaustion
		Toward a Peaceful Resolution of Conflict
	Conclusion: Ethnic Pluralism and Democracy
	Discussion Questions
	Notes
Chapter 5 Women and Development
	The Political and Socioeconomic Status of Third World Women
		Modernization and the Economic Status of Women
		Women in the Economy: Rural and Urban
	Women and Politics
		Women’s Political Activism at the Grass Roots
		Women as National Political Leaders
		Reserved Seats and Quotas: Female Representation in Parliament and the Cabinet
		Women and Revolutionary Change
	The Status of Women: The Roles of Modernization, Globalization, and Regime Type
	Conclusion: Democracy and the Role of Women in Society
	Discussion Questions
	Notes
Chapter 6 Agrarian Reform and the Politics of Rural Change
	Rural Class Structures
	Peasant Politics
	The Politics of Agrarian Reform
		Patterns of Land Concentration
		The Case for Agrarian Reform
	Types of Agrarian Reform
		Externally Imposed Reform
		Revolutionary Transformation
		Moderate Reformism
		The Limits of Agrarian Reform
	Other Approaches and Issues
		Crop Pricing
		Integrated Rural Development
	Conclusion: Democracy and Rural Reform
	Discussion Questions
	Notes
Chapter 7 Rapid Urbanization and the Politics of the Urban Poor
	The Third World’s Urban Explosion
	The Political Consequences of Urban Growth
	The Search for Employment
	The Urban Poor’s Struggle for Housing
		Public Housing and the Role of the State
		Spontaneous Housing
		Sites-and-Services Programs
	The Problem of Urban Crime
	The Politics of the Urban Poor: Conflicting Images
	Forms of Political Expression among the Urban Poor
		Individual Political Behavior
		Collective Goals: Housing and Urban Services
		Radical Political Behavior
	Conclusion: Future Urban Growth and Democratic Politics
	Discussion Questions
	Notes
Chapter 8 Revolutionary Change
	Defining Revolution
	Underlying Causes of Revolution
		Inexorable Historical Forces
		Regime Decay
		Challenges from Below
		Causes of Revolution: A Summary
	Levels of Popular Support
	Peasants as Revolutionaries
		Why Peasants Rebel
		Which Peasants Rebel
	Revolutionary Leadership
	Revolutionaries in Power
	Conclusion: Revolutionary Change and Democracy
	Discussion Questions
	Notes
Chapter 9 Soldiers and Politics
	The Causes of Military Intervention
		The Nature of the Armed Forces
		The Nature of Civil Society
	Progressive Soldiers and Military Conservatives
	The Types and Goals of Military Regimes
		Personalistic Regimes
		Institutional Military Regimes
	The Accomplishments and Failures of Military Regimes
		Combating Corruption
		Defending Military Interests
		Patterns in Military Spending
		Establishing Stability
		Improving the Economy
	Military Withdrawal from Politics
		New Roles for the Armed Forces
		Improved Civil–Military Relationships
	Conclusion: Democracy and the Military
	Discussion Questions
	Notes
Chapter 10 The Political Economy of Third World Development
	The Role of the State
		The Command Economy
		Latin American Statism
		East Asia’s Developmental State
		The Neoclassical Ideal
		Finding a Proper Role for the State
	Industrialization Strategies
		Import-Substituting Industrialization
		Export-Oriented Industrialization
	Growth with Equity
	Economic Development and the Environment
		The Costs of Growth
		Environmental Decay as a Third World Problem
		Third World Environmental Decay and Global Warming: A Global Problem
	The Search for Sustainable Development
		Some Signs of Progress
	Finding the Right Mix
		The Effects of Globalization on Developing Nations
	Conclusion: Democracy and Economic Development
	Discussion Questions
	Notes
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Index
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