The Celtic Languages in Contact

Title page......Page 1
Imprint......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Introduction (Hildegard L. C. Tristram)......Page 9
1.1. In Celtic languages (both Continental and Insular) we can find words .........Page 12
2.2. The advocates of this theory suppose that .........Page 16
2.3. If the term is attested only .........Page 19
3.1.2. Glosses and the Christian Context......Page 20
3.1.4. Early Irish Narrative Tradition......Page 21
3.1.5. Gaulish and Brittonic data......Page 22
3.2. As the Russian linguist Sergej Kullanda noted......Page 23
3.3. ‘maqu-os’ and the Problem of Etymology......Page 24
4. Céile......Page 0
6. Conclusion......Page 27
References......Page 28
Celtic and Afro-Asiatic (Graham R. Isaac)......Page 33
Appendix 1. Fusion of adpositions and pronouns (‘conjugated adpositions’)......Page 62
A. Correlations of Clause-Level and Noun-Phrase Level Word-Order Types......Page 64
B. Correlation of Verb-Initial Clause Order and Initial Mutations......Page 67
Appendix 3......Page 68
Appendix 4......Page 78
References......Page 82
1. Introduction......Page 89
2. Personal Names on Gaulish Inscriptions......Page 91
3. Personal Names on Latin Inscriptions......Page 94
4. Conclusion......Page 98
References......Page 99
1. Introduction......Page 101
2. The Sociolinguistic Conditions favourable to spread of Structural Features......Page 102
3. Contact-induced Changes in Insular Celtic......Page 104
3.1.1. The Lenition of Voiceless Stops......Page 105
3.1.2. Raising / i-Affection......Page 106
3.1.4. Apocope......Page 107
3.1.5. Syncope......Page 108
3.2.2. The Loss of Case Inflection of Personal Pronouns......Page 109
3.2.4. The Creation of the Imperfect Tense......Page 110
3.3.1. The rigidization of VSO order .........Page 111
3.3.2. The Creation of Preposed Definite Articles......Page 113
3.3.4. The creation of a periphrastic construction .........Page 114
3.3.6. The use of ordinal numbers in the sense .........Page 115
4. Conclusion......Page 116
References......Page 117
What Language was Spoken in Ireland before Irish? (Gearóid Mac Eoin)......Page 121
1. Introduction......Page 134
2. Terminological Remarks......Page 135
3. Origin of Celtic Conjugated Prepositions......Page 136
3. Preposition ON......Page 138
4. Preposition AT......Page 142
5. Prepositional Possessive Constructions......Page 145
6. Historical Remarks......Page 148
References......Page 149
1. Introduction......Page 154
1.1. The Historical and Cultural Background of the Language Shift......Page 155
1.2. Competing Ideologies......Page 158
2.1. Geolinguistic and Socio-Cultural Considerations......Page 162
2.2. General Phonological Features......Page 163
2.3. Some Morphophonological Features......Page 166
2.4. The Spirant Mutation......Page 168
2.5. The Provection of [m], [n], [l], [ʁ]......Page 170
2.6. The Lenition and Provection of [m], [b], [g]......Page 172
2.7.1. The Definite Article ‘an’......Page 174
2.7.2. Aspects of the Definite and Indefinite Article + Lenition......Page 175
2.7.5. Emañ versus eo......Page 176
2.8. Syntax......Page 178
2.8.1. Subject marking......Page 179
2.8.2. Redundancy......Page 180
2.8.4. Subject Marking: 3rd person pl. ‘hè/hent’......Page 182
2.8.5. Characteristic Uses of the Preposition ‘a’......Page 183
2.8.6. Emphasis through Redundancy......Page 184
2.8.7. Uses of ac’hanomp ‘of-us’ in Affirmative Sentences......Page 185
2.8.8. Phonological Simplification and Reanalysis: a Move towards Synthetic Structure......Page 186
2.8.9. Lexical and Phonological Variation......Page 187
2.8.10. French Lexical Borrowings......Page 189
2.8.11 Neologisms......Page 193
2.8.12. Unintended Consequences......Page 194
3. Conclusion......Page 195
References......Page 197
1. Introduction: Cornish Scat Abroad......Page 201
2. The Next Parish after Land’s End: Early Explorations......Page 202
3. William Gwavas and that 1710 Letter......Page 208
4. Yee-Har!!: Miners and Cowboys......Page 211
5. Some Language Cowboys: Nancarrow, Bottrell and Weekes......Page 213
6. Cornish Language in Twenty-First-Century North America......Page 216
Primary Sources......Page 219
Books and Pamphlets......Page 220
Web sources......Page 224
1. Introduction......Page 225
2. Individual Loanwords and Code-Mixing: The Flight of the Earls and Beir mo beanocht go Dún Dalck......Page 227
3. Law and Administration......Page 230
4. Prose Burlesque......Page 234
5. Conclusion......Page 240
References......Page 241
1. Introduction......Page 243
2. Unbound Reflexives......Page 244
3. Immediate Perfective......Page 246
5. Comparatives......Page 247
6. Tag questions......Page 250
7. Conclusion......Page 252
References......Page 253
Of Picts and Penguins – Celtic Languages in the New Editionof the Oxford English Dictionary (Katrin Thier)......Page 254
1. Introduction......Page 268
2. Definition of Late Modern Irish......Page 269
3. Lexical and Syntactic Equivalence......Page 270
4. The Official Languages Act and the Translation Industry......Page 272
5. Dynamics of Language Change and Language Death......Page 274
7. Conclusion......Page 275
References......Page 277
Abstract......Page 278
1. Introduction......Page 279
2.1. Perfective Aspect......Page 282
2.1.1. The after-perfect......Page 283
2.1.2. ‘I have my dinner eaten’: The Pseudo-Perfect......Page 286
2.2 Reflexive Pronouns......Page 291
2.3. Inversion and Embedded Clauses......Page 294
3. ICE-Ireland and the Irish Language......Page 296
4. Conclusion......Page 300
References......Page 301
1. Introduction......Page 307
2. The Potsdam Newspaper Database – An unfinished Case Study......Page 310
3. Tendencies Suggested by the Preliminary Research Results......Page 312
4. Conclusions......Page 316
References......Page 320
1. Introduction......Page 323
2. Conceptual Clarifications......Page 325
3. Contact Situations – a Brief Outline......Page 329
4. Under Scrutiny I: Cornwall, Isle of Man and Scotland......Page 331
5. Under scrutiny II: Wales......Page 333
6. Under Scrutiny III: Ireland – a Lengthy Discourse......Page 334
7. Conclusions, Interim and Otherwise......Page 338
References......Page 339