The Cardinal Virtues in the Middle Ages: A Study in Moral Thought from the Fourth to the Fourteenth Century

Contents......Page 6
Introduction......Page 10
Christianizing the Cardinal Virtues: The Three Great Fathers of West......Page 20
Ambrose......Page 21
Jerome......Page 27
Augustine......Page 31
Christianized Cardinal Virtues: The Early Middle Ages......Page 37
Moral and Spiritual Literature......Page 39
Exegesis and Hagiography......Page 56
Philosophy and Politics......Page 63
Conclusion......Page 74
The Renewal of Moral Thought......Page 78
Classicizing Moral Literature......Page 80
Twelfth-Century Humanism......Page 85
Canon and Civil Law......Page 90
Early Moral Theology......Page 92
The School of Laon......Page 93
The School of Peter Abelard......Page 96
Benedictine Voices......Page 101
Virtue and the Inner Self: The Victorines......Page 110
Virtue and the Inner Self: The Cistercians......Page 114
Other Religious Authors......Page 124
Peter Lombard......Page 128
Peter the Chanter’s Circle......Page 132
Conclusion......Page 141
Moral Discourse: Aristotle and Beyond......Page 144
Treatises Devoted to the Cardinal Virtues......Page 146
The Cardinal Virtues in Other Sources......Page 152
Saving the Fourfold Scheme......Page 162
Four Virtues?......Page 163
Four Moral Virtues?......Page 172
Four Principal Virtues?......Page 177
Cardinal Virtues and Secular Ethics......Page 191
Acquired and Gratuitous Virtues......Page 193
Moral Virtues and the Final Destination of Man......Page 209
Political Virtues......Page 217
Conclusion......Page 227
Virtue and the Fall......Page 232
The Cardinal Virtues and the Vices......Page 233
The Capital Vices and the Virtues......Page 234
The Principal Virtues and the Vices......Page 247
Cardinal Virtues and Cardinal Vices......Page 252
Subverting Aristotle......Page 261
Voluntarism and Intentionalism......Page 262
Egalitarianism......Page 271
Individualism......Page 284
A Quodlibetal Question of Thomas of Sutton......Page 289
Conclusion......Page 292
Conclusion......Page 294
I.2.The Subdivisions of the Cardinal Virtues According to Some Classical and Medieval Writings......Page 300
I.3.The Classification of the Moral Virtues According to Giles of Rome, Gerald of Odo, and John Buridan......Page 302
II.1. De quatuor principalibus uirtutibus et diffinitionibus......Page 306
II.3. Peter the Chanter, Summa Abel, lemma Virtus......Page 308
II.4. Hugh of Saint Cher, Commentary on Peter Lombard, Sententiae III.33......Page 310
II.5. Tractatus de quatuor virtutibus cardinalibus......Page 316
II.6. Robert Holcot, Super Sapientiam Salomonis, lectio 108 (on Sap. 8:7)......Page 318
Bibliography......Page 324
Index of Manuscripts......Page 362
Index of Ancient and Medieval Authors and Major Anonymous Works......Page 366