The Cambridge Companion to Darwin

Half-title......Page 3
Series-title......Page 4
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
CONTENTS......Page 9
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 11
PREFACE......Page 15
I DARWIN AND PHILOSOPHY......Page 17
II DARWIN, THE TREE OF LIFE AND NATURAL SELECTION......Page 18
III HISTORICAL REVISIONS......Page 24
IV FROM PHILOSOPHICAL NATURAL HISTORY TO PHILOSOPHICAL NATURALISM......Page 26
Part I Darwin’s theorising......Page 31
1 The making of a philosophical naturalist......Page 33
I EARLY SCIENTIFIC INTERESTS......Page 34
II STUDIES IN EDINBURGH......Page 35
III STUDIES IN CAMBRIDGE......Page 37
IV THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF 1831......Page 39
V UNDER SAIL......Page 42
VI SYNTHETIC THEORISING ON THE BEAGLE......Page 45
VII ‘LIKE ANOTHER SUN [HUMBOLDT] ILLUMINES EVERYTHING I BEHOLD.’......Page 49
VIII ‘MY HEAD IS QUITE CONFUSED WITH SO MUCH DELIGHT’......Page 51
NOTES......Page 53
I FROM THE BEAGLE YEARS TO THE LAWS OF LIFE......Page 56
II SPRING 1837: MEETING A SYSTEMIC CHALLENGE......Page 58
III THE OPENING OF NOTEBOOK B, JULY 1837: AN INAUGURAL SKETCH OF A SYSTEM AND ITS FIRST REVISIONS......Page 62
IV FROM SUMMER 1837 TO SPRING 1838: DEVELOPING THE THEORY OF ADAPTIVE SPECIES FORMATIONS......Page 65
V FROM SUMMER 1837 TO SUMMER 1838: THE TREE OF LIFE, PROGRESS AND SPECIES PROPAGATION......Page 69
VI SUMMER 1838: EARTH, LIFE AND MIND......Page 71
VII SUMMER 1838: GOD, MAN, SCIENCE AND NATURE......Page 73
VIII FROM AUTUMN 1838 TO SPRING 1839: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE THEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION......Page 75
IX FROM THE NOTEBOOKS TO THE BOOKS......Page 79
NOTES......Page 83
I GENTLEMANLY GENERATION......Page 85
II A LEGACY OF GENERATIONAL ISSUES......Page 86
III THE BEAGLE AND BEYOND......Page 87
IV BUDS, BARNACLES AND BIRDS......Page 89
V A TREATISE ON BREEDING......Page 92
VI THE HYPOTHESIS OF PANGENESIS......Page 94
VII METHOD, ARGUMENT AND THE PANGENESIS HYPOTHESIS......Page 96
VIII THE THEORY OF SEXUAL SELECTION......Page 98
IX GENERATION MATTERS......Page 102
NOTES......Page 104
I HUMAN EVOLUTION THROUGH HUMBOLDTIAN EYES......Page 108
II THEORIES OF INSTINCT, EMOTION AND REASON PRIOR TO THE ORIGIN......Page 110
III MORAL THEORY PRIOR TO THE ORIGIN......Page 112
IV THE MORAL CHARACTER OF NATURE IN THE ORIGIN......Page 116
V THE DEBATES OVER HUMAN EVOLUTION,1859–71......Page 117
VI MIND IN THE DESCENT......Page 121
VII MORALS IN THE DESCENT......Page 123
VIII THE EXPRESSION OF THE EMOTIONS......Page 125
IX CONCLUSION......Page 127
NOTES......Page 129
I ORIGINS AND CHARACTER OF THE ORIGIN......Page 132
II TWO CENTRAL IDEAS IN THE ORIGIN: THE TREE OF LIFE AND NATURAL SELECTION......Page 133
III OVERALL STRUCTURE OF THE ORIGIN......Page 135
IV REASONING IN THE FIRST ART OF THE ORIGIN: THE ARGUMENT FROM ARTIFICIAL SELECTION......Page 139
V A PREVIEW OF THE THIRD PART OF THE ORIGIN......Page 143
VI REASONING IN THE SECOND ART OF THE ORIGIN: DEFENDING AGAINST MISCELLANEOUS POSSIBLE OBJECTIONS......Page 146
VII REASONING IN THE THIRD ART OF THE ORIGIN: INVESTIGATING AND UNDERSTANDING NATURAL PHENOMENA IN TERMS OF TRANSMUTATION…......Page 149
NOTES......Page 153
Part II Historical contexts......Page 157
I THE CULTURAL CONDITIONING OF DARWIN’S THEORY......Page 159
II VICTORIAN POWER, DARWINIAN KNOWLEDGE......Page 161
III DARWIN’S ASSUMPTIONS AND DECISIONS......Page 164
IV THE DARWINIAN CONCEPT OF ADAPTATION......Page 167
V THE MALTHUSIAN STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE......Page 170
VI THE VERA CAUSA IDEAL AND THE SOCIAL USES OF MALTHUS......Page 173
VII DARWINIAN CONCLUSIONS......Page 177
NOTES......Page 179
I SCIENTIFIC METHOD IN THE DEBATES OVER THE ORIGIN......Page 184
II THE FERMENT IN METHODOLOGICAL THINKING IN MID-VICTORIAN BRITAIN......Page 186
III INDUCTION......Page 188
IV VERAE CAUSAE......Page 191
V DARWIN ON THE METHODOLOGICAL VIRTUES OF HIS THEORY......Page 194
VI HERSCHEL ON THE ORIGIN......Page 197
VII WHEWELL ON THE ORIGIN......Page 199
VIII MILL ON THE ORIGIN......Page 201
IX THE NEXT GENERATION......Page 204
NOTES......Page 205
I THE DARWINIAN CHALLENGE......Page 208
II DARWIN AND NATURAL THEOLOGY......Page 212
III DARWIN’S RELIGIOUS ODYSSEY......Page 215
IV RELIGIOUS RESPONSES TO DARWIN’S THEORY......Page 218
V DARWINISM AND RELIGION IN BROADER PERSPECTIVE......Page 223
NOTES......Page 227
I AMBIVALENCES AND INFLUENCES......Page 230
II IN THE WAKE OF THE ORIGIN......Page 231
III DARWIN ON HUMAN BIOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL PROGRESS......Page 234
IV THE WAY FORWARD......Page 236
V SOCIAL DARWINISM AND SOCIALIST DARWINISM......Page 239
VI DARWINISM, LAMARCKISM AND SOCIETY......Page 242
VII NATURE, NURTURE AND EUGENICS......Page 245
VIII FROM DARWIN TO HITLER?......Page 247
IX CONCLUSION......Page 251
NOTES......Page 253
I THE PERSISTENCE OF DARWINISM......Page 256
II THE TREE OF LIFE AS THE PATTERN OF EVOLUTION......Page 258
III CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE TREE-OF-LIFE IDEA......Page 262
IV NATURAL SELECTION AS THE MAIN EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS......Page 265
V THE MICRO-EVOLUTIONARY CRITIQUE OF NATURAL SELECTION......Page 270
VI THE MACRO-EVOLUTIONARY CRITIQUE OF NATURAL SELECTION......Page 273
VII CONCLUSION......Page 276
NOTES......Page 277
Part III Philosophical themes......Page 281
I A TWO-PART THEORY......Page 283
II THE LOGICAL CHARACTER OF DARWINIAN THEORY......Page 284
III CHANCE......Page 285
IV ESSENTIALISM AND THE SPECIES CONCEPT......Page 290
V TESTING HYPOTHESES ABOUT COMMON ANCESTRY......Page 294
VI TESTING ADAPTIVE HYPOTHESES......Page 297
VII CONCLUDING COMMENTS......Page 300
NOTES......Page 301
I A CLASH OF PERSPECTIVES?......Page 304
II DARWINISM AS A MIXED BLESSING FOR THE COMPATIBILIST NATURALIST......Page 306
III DARWINIAN SYMBOLS......Page 311
IV EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY MEETS FOLK PSYCHOLOGY......Page 315
V LANGUAGE AND EVOLUTION......Page 319
VI CONCLUSION......Page 323
NOTES......Page 324
I DARWINISM, NATURALISM AND HUMAN AFFAIRS......Page 326
II TWO TASKS FOR DARWINISM IN ETHICS......Page 327
III DARWINIAN MORALITY......Page 329
IV DARWINIAN METAETHICS......Page 332
V CAN COOPERATION EVOLVE?......Page 337
VI IS JUSTICE SELECTED FOR?......Page 341
VII BROADER IMPLICATIONS OF DARWINISM FOR SOCIAL THEORY......Page 344
VIII CONCLUSION......Page 346
NOTES......Page 347
I SIGNS OF THE TIMES......Page 349
II DESIGN......Page 350
III PROGRESS......Page 354
IV THE PROBLEM OF PHYSICAL EVIL......Page 357
V THE SOUL......Page 359
VI THE MORAL LIFE......Page 362
VII MYSTERY......Page 365
VIII DARWINISM AND RELIGION......Page 367
NOTES......Page 368
Part IV Ways forward......Page 371
15 In Darwin’s wake, where am I?......Page 373
NOTES......Page 389
I DARWINISM AND THE MANIFEST IMAGE OF HUMANKIND......Page 393
II STRICT DARWINISM AND DARWINISM BY ANALOGY......Page 394
III ETHICS AS HUMAN ECOLOGY......Page 397
IV HUMAN NATURE......Page 398
V BASIC EMOTIONS AND THE REACTIVE ATTITUDES......Page 401
VI JUSTIFYING THE REACTIVE ATTITUDES......Page 403
VII ADJUSTABLE ADAPTATIONS......Page 405
VIII HOW FLOURISHING ‘FITS’ IN......Page 407
IX TOWARDS A DARWINIAN UNDERSTANDING OF THE GOOD LIFE......Page 410
NOTES......Page 412
I POLAR PERSPECTIVES......Page 415
II MODEST IMPLICATIONS......Page 416
III SOCIOBIOLOGY’S SIREN SONG......Page 419
IV DARWINIAN EPISTEMOLOGY......Page 423
V DARWINIAN ETHICS?......Page 427
VI DARWINIAN EUGENICS?......Page 432
VII DARWIN’S DUE......Page 434
NOTES......Page 435
DARWIN’S NOTEBOOKS AND MARGINALIA......Page 437
SECONDARY WORKS......Page 438
DARWINISM AND NATURALISM IN PHILOSOPHY......Page 439
REFERENCES......Page 440
INDEX......Page 477