The Biology of Cultural Conflict

Front Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
Contents......Page 3
Primitive drives......Page 5
‘Give me liberty or give me death’......Page 7
From differences to conflict......Page 8
What does it mean?......Page 9
REFERENCES......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
Study 1: physiological response......Page 13
Study 2: attentional patterns......Page 17
Discussion......Page 18
REFERENCES......Page 20
Introduction......Page 22
Task......Page 23
Behavioural data analysis......Page 24
Results......Page 25
Discussion......Page 26
REFERENCES......Page 27
Introduction......Page 29
Marriage systems......Page 30
Theory and evidence......Page 31
Implication: normative monogamy reduces crime......Page 32
Implication: monogamous marriage reduces the spousal age gap, gender inequality and fertility......Page 35
Normative monogamy reduces intra-household conflict......Page 36
Monogamous marriage increases paternal investment and improves childhood outcomes......Page 37
Discussion......Page 38
REFERENCES......Page 39
The origins and functions of intergroup conflict......Page 42
The male warrior hypothesis......Page 43
Supporting the ingroup......Page 44
Fear and prejudice against outgroup males......Page 45
The role of women in intergroup conflict: avoiding sexual coercion......Page 46
Conclusions and implications......Page 48
REFERENCES......Page 50
Introduction......Page 52
Adding identity to economics......Page 53
Mechanisms of decision-making in social contexts......Page 54
The neural basis of social cognition......Page 55
What would an ‘identity neuroeconomics’ comprise?......Page 56
A taxonomy of social context......Page 57
Methods for identity neuroeconomics......Page 58
How are identities constructed and applied?......Page 59
How does identity affect the integration of financial and social incentives?......Page 60
REFERENCES......Page 61
Introduction......Page 64
Culture and the contagion of conflict......Page 65
Emerging evidence from the field......Page 66
Analyses and results......Page 67
General discussion......Page 70
Appendix A......Page 72
REFERENCES......Page 73
Introduction......Page 76
Subjects......Page 77
Rank determination......Page 78
Functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquisition and analysis......Page 79
Performance-based stratification of intelligence quotient-matched subjects......Page 80
Performance-based stratification of functional magnetic resonance imaging-scanned intelligence quotient-matched subjects......Page 81
Neural correlates for the harmful effect  of the ranked group intelligence quotient task......Page 82
Blood oxygenation level-dependent responses in the lateral prefrontal cortex increase in high performers as the task progresses......Page 83
Blood oxygenation level-dependent responses in the nucleus accumbens are consistent with prediction error signals over expected changes in rank......Page 84
Discussion......Page 85
REFERENCES......Page 87
Introduction......Page 89
Survey......Page 91
Functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment......Page 92
Functional magnetic resonance imaging image acquisition and data analysis......Page 93
General attitudes and associations about the other groups......Page 94
Responses to narrative stimuli......Page 95
Whole brain analysis......Page 96
Regions of interest analyses......Page 98
Discussion......Page 99
REFERENCES......Page 101
Introduction......Page 103
The current study......Page 104
Procedure......Page 105
Functional magnetic resonance imaging data analysis......Page 106
Days until the election......Page 107
Perspective-taking......Page 108
Days until the election......Page 109
Interaction between days to election and perspective-taking......Page 110
Perspective-taking......Page 111
Days until the election and trait perspective-taking......Page 112
Conclusion and limitations......Page 113
REFERENCES......Page 114
Introduction......Page 116
Procedure......Page 118
Functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis......Page 119
Functional magnetic resonance imaging......Page 120
Discussion......Page 122
REFERENCES......Page 124
Introduction......Page 126
Experimental task......Page 127
Neuroimaging data......Page 128
Results......Page 129
Discussion......Page 130
REFERENCES......Page 133
Back Cover......Page 136