The Behavioural Biology of Zoo Animals

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
Editor
Contributors
Part I: Setting the scene
	Chapter 1: Introduction to the behavioural biology of the zoo
		1.1 Introduction to the behavioural biology of the zoo
		1.2 What is behavioural biology?
			1.2.1 Learning from the past and developing the future
		1.3 Why the wild is important
		1.4 Applying behavioural biology to the zoo
		1.5 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 2: Behavioural biology in animal collection planning and conservation
		2.1 Introduction to animal collection planning
		2.2 The regional and institutional collection plan
		2.3 Knowledge of behavioural biology is essential in animal collection planning
		2.4 Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
		References
	Chapter 3: Behavioural biology, conservation genomics, and population viability (Open Access)
		3.1 Why consider population viability in a behavioural biology textbook?
		3.2 Understanding the impacts of captivity on genomic diversity
		3.3 Metrics of viability in captive populations
		3.4 Future considerations in the viability of captive populations
		3.5 Conclusions
		Acknowledgements
		References
	Chapter 4: Behavioural biology, applied zoo science, and research
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Behavioural research at the zoo: animal welfare
		4.3 Behavioural research at the zoo: ex-situ conservation breeding
		4.4 Behavioural research at the zoo: in-situ conservation
		4.5 Behavioural research at the zoo: visitor experience, engagement & education
		4.6 Conclusions and future avenues for zoo-based behavioural research
		References
	Chapter 5: Behavioural biology methods and data collection in the zoo
		5.1 Designing behavioural studies in the zoo
			5.1.1 Getting started
			5.1.2 Selecting methods
			5.1.3 Ethical approval
		5.2 Collecting behavioural data
		5.3 Analysing behavioural data
			5.3.1 Statistical tests
			5.3.2 R
		5.4 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Selected taxonomic accounts
	Chapter 6: The behavioural biology of primates
		6.1 Introduction to primate behavioural biology
		6.2 Primate ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
			6.2.1 Big brains
			6.2.2 Social complexity
			6.2.3 Extended life histories
			6.2.4 Foraging complexity
			6.2.5 Visual dominance
			6.2.6 Hands and feet
		6.3 Enclosure considerations based on behavioural evidence
		6.4 Behavioural ecology and primate welfare
		6.5 Species-specific enrichment for primates
		6.6 A note on primate conservation
		6.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 7: The behavioural biology of ungulates and elephants
		7.1 Introduction to ungulate and elephant behavioural ecology
		7.2 Ungulate and elephant ecology, and natural history relevant to the zoo
		7.3 Enclosure considerations for ungulates and elephants based on behavioural evidence
		7.4 Ungulate and elephant behavioural biology and welfare
		7.5 Species-specific enrichment for ungulates and elephants
		7.6 Using behavioural biology to advance ungulate and elephant care
		7.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 8: The behavioural biology of carnivores
		8.1 Introduction to carnivore behavioural biology
		8.2 The application of carnivore ecology and natural history to zoo management
			8.2.1 Social interactions
			8.2.2 Nutrition and diet
			8.2.3 Feeding frequency
		8.3 Enclosure considerations based on behavioural evidence
		8.4 Behavioural biology and carnivore welfare
		8.5 Species-specific enrichment
		8.6 Use of behavioural biology to advance care
		8.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 9: The behavioural biology of marine mammals
		9.1 Introduction to marine mammals
		9.2 Marine mammal ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
		9.3 Enclosure conditions for marine mammals
			9.3.1 Environmental complexity
			9.3.2 Housing and pool design
			9.3.3 Environmental conditions
			9.3.4 Space use and proximity
			9.3.5 Training areas
		9.4 Behavioural biology and marine mammal welfare
			9.4.1 Ecological relevance of ranging behaviour
			9.4.2 Ecological relevance of foraging behaviour
		9.5 Species-specific enrichment for marine mammals
			9.5.1 Enrichment types
			9.5.2 Training as enrichment
			9.5.3 Enrichment considerations
		9.6 Using behavioural biology to advance marine mammal care
		9.7 Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
		References
	Chapter 10: The behavioural biology of marsupials and monotremes
		10.1 Introduction to marsupial and monotreme behavioural biology
		10.2 Marsupial and monotreme ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
		10.3 Enclosure considerations for marsupials and monotremes based on behavioural evidence
			10.3.1 Nesting behaviours
			10.3.2 Locomotion
			10.3.3 Feeding behaviour
			10.3.4 Social behaviour
			10.3.5 Circadian rhythms
		10.4 Behavioural biology to advance marsupial and monotreme welfare
			10.4.1 Visitor effects
			10.4.2 Seasonality
			10.4.3 Breeding behaviours
			10.4.4 Communication and cognition
		10.5 Species-specific enrichment for marsupials and monotremes
		10.6 Using behavioural biology to advance marsupial and monotreme care
		10.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: The behavioural biology of flightless birds
		11.1 Introduction to the behavioural biology of ratites and penguins
		11.2 Ratite and penguin ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
		11.3 Ratite and penguin enclosure considerations based on behavioural evidence
		11.4 Ratite and penguin behavioural biology and welfare
		11.5 Ratite and penguin species-specific enrichment
		11.6 Future directions in ratite and penguin behavioural biology
			11.6.1 Further information
		11.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 12: The behavioural biology of waterbirds
		12.1 Introduction to waterbird behavioural biology
		12.2 Waterbird ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
		12.3 Enclosure considerations for waterbirds based on behavioural evidence
		12.4 Behavioural biology and waterbird welfare
		12.5 Species-specific enrichment for waterbirds
		12.6 Using behavioural biology to advance waterbird care
			12.6.1 Further information to inform waterbird care
		12.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 13: The behavioural biology of parrots
		13.1 Introduction to parrot behavioural biology
		13.2 Parrot ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
		13.3 Enclosure considerations for parrots based on behavioural evidence
		13.4 Behavioural biology and parrot welfare
		13.5 Species-specific enrichment for parrots
		13.6 Using behavioural biology to advance parrot care
			13.6.1 Further information to inform parrot care
		13.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 14: The behavioural biology of hornbills, toucans, and kingfishers
		14.1 Introduction to the behavioural biology of hornbills, toucans, and kingfishers
			14.1.1 Kingfishers
			14.1.2 Hornbills
			14.1.3 Toucans
			14.1.4 Common aspects of behavioural biology
		14.2 Ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
		14.3 Enclosure considerations based on behavioural evidence
		14.4 Behavioural biology and welfare
		14.5 Species-specific enrichment
		14.6 Using behavioural biology to advance care
		14.7 Conclusion
		Acknowledgements
		References
	Chapter 15: The behavioural biology of passerines
		15.1 Introduction to passerine behavioural biology
		15.2 Passerine ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
		15.3 Behavioural biology and passerine welfare
		15.4 Species-specific enrichment for passerines
		15.5 Using behavioural biology to advance passerine care
			15.5.1 Case study on Gouldian finch behaviour and husbandry
		15.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 16: The behavioural biology of captive reptiles
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 Reptile ecology and enclosure considerations
			16.2.1 Historic misconceptions
			16.2.2 The thermal environment
			16.2.3 Light
		16.3 Behavioural biology and reptile welfare
			16.3.1 Enclosure size
			16.3.2 Complexity and choice
		16.4 Species-specific reptile enrichment
		16.5 Using behavioural biology to advance reptile care
		16.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 17: The behavioural biology of amphibians
		17.1 Introduction to amphibian behavioural biology
		17.2 Amphibian ecology and natural history relevant to the zoo
		17.3 Enclosure considerations for amphibians based on behavioural evidence
		17.4 Behavioural biology and amphibian welfare
		17.5 Species-specific enrichment for amphibians
		17.6 Using behavioural biology to advance amphibian care
		17.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 18: The behavioural biology of freshwater fishes
		18.1 Introduction to freshwater fish behavioural biology
		18.2 Freshwater fish ecology and natural history relevant to the aquarium
			18.2.1 Ecology
			18.2.2 Diet and feeding behaviour
			18.2.3 Social behaviour
			18.2.4 Reproductive behaviour
		18.3 Enclosure considerations for freshwater fishes
		18.4 Freshwater fish behavioural biology and welfare
			18.4.1 Feeding behaviour
			18.4.2 Social behaviour
			18.4.3 Activity
			18.4.4 Abnormal behaviours
		18.5 Species-specific enrichment for freshwater fishes
		18.6 Using behavioural biology to advance freshwater fish care
		18.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 19: The behavioural biology of marine fishes and sharks
		19.1 Introduction to marine fish and shark behavioural biology
		19.2 Ecology and natural history of marine fishes and sharks relevant to the zoo
		19.3 Enclosure considerations for marine fishes and sharks based on behavioural evidence
		19.4 Behavioural biology and welfare of marine fishes and sharks
		19.5 Species-specific enrichment for marine fishes and sharks
		19.6 Using behavioural biology to advance care of marine fishes and sharks
			19.6.1 Further information to support the care of marine fishes and sharks
		19.7 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 20: The behavioural biology of invertebrates
		20.1 Introduction
		20.2 Natural history of invertebrates
		20.3 Feeding ecology
		20.4 Mating systems and reproduction
		20.5 Measuring invertebrate welfare
		20.6 Behaviour
		20.7 Enrichment
		20.8 Exhibit design
		20.9 Using behavioural biology to advance care
		20.10 Conclusion
		References
Part III: For the future
	Chapter 21: Behavioural biology and zoo animal welfare:: For the future
		21.1 Introduction
		21.2 Converging scientific research and practice in animal welfare
			21.2.1 Banishing the boring
		21.3 Behavioural biology and welfare assessment
		21.4 Assessing the awkward: How to move forward with welfare measurement for a diverse array of species?
			21.4.1 Mammals still matter!
		21.5 Further ways behavioural biology can enhance welfare
		21.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 22: Behavioural biology and animal health and wellbeing
		22.1 Introduction
		22.2 Animal health and welfare assessments in zoos
		22.3 External factors affecting the health of zoo animals
		22.4 Taxonomic-specific health issues
			22.4.1 Invertebrates
			22.4.2 Fish
			22.4.3 Amphibians
			22.4.4 Reptiles
			22.4.5 Birds
			22.4.6 Mammals
		22.5 Veterinary considerations for older animals
		22.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 23: Behavioural biology and enhancing visitor education and experiences
		23.1 Introduction to behavioural biology and enhancing visitor education and experiences
		23.2 Equitable programme design
		23.3 Interpreting existing behaviours
		23.4 Specific behaviours
		23.5 Native species
		23.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 24: Behavioural biology and the zoo as a nature reserve
		24.1 Introduction
		24.2 Native species in the zoo
		24.3 Encouraging wildlife in the zoo
		24.4 Management of native species programmes
		24.5 Monitoring and surveillance in the zoo
		24.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 25: Behavioural biology for the evidence-based keeper
		25.1 Zoo-keeping and behavioural biology
		25.2 Behavioural biology and zoo animal diets as an example
		25.3 Misconceptions, resources, and culture: Current barriers to evidence-based husbandry in zoos, and suggested solutions
		25.4 Exporting and importing zoo behavioural biology to and from the field
		25.5 Chapter summary
		References
	Chapter 26: Behavioural biology and the future zoo:: Overall conclusions
		26.1 What to take home from this book?
		26.2 A new model for zoo animal welfare?
			26.2.1 The autonomous zoo animal
			26.2.2 Measuring behaviour and measuring other factors too
		26.3 The case for ecological evidence… ultimate ungulate questions
			26.3.1 The arguments for behavioural biology – practical case studies
			26.3.2 The way forwards
		26.4 Behavioural biology… final thoughts
		References
Index