The Australian Immunisation Handbook: 9th Edition 2008

AusImmun_Ed-9-3.pdf......Page 0
Introduction to The Australian Immunisation Handbook......Page 18
1.1 What’s new?......Page 20
1.2 An overview of vaccination – preface to Chapters 1.3–1.5......Page 24
1.3.2 Effective cold chain: transport, storage and handling of vaccines1,2......Page 25
1.3.3 Valid consent......Page 29
1.3.4 Pre-vaccination screening......Page 31
Table 1.3.4: False contraindications to vaccination......Page 38
1.4.2 Equipment for vaccination......Page 56
1.4.3 Route of administration......Page 58
1.4.4 Preparation for vaccine administration......Page 60
1.4.5 Vaccine injection techniques......Page 61
Table 1.4.2: Recommended needle size, length and angle for administering vaccines5,10,12,14,19......Page 62
1.4.7 Positioning for vaccination......Page 64
1.4.8 Identifying the injection site......Page 68
1.4.9 Administering multiple vaccine injections at the same visit......Page 73
1.5.2 Adverse events following immunisation......Page 75
Table 1.5.3: Contact details for notification of AEFI......Page 83
1.5.4 The Australian Childhood Immunisation Register......Page 84
2.1 Vaccination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people......Page 87
2.2 Vaccination for international travel......Page 92
2.3.2 Vaccination of women planning pregnancy, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and preterm infants......Page 101
2.3.3 Vaccination of individuals with impaired immunity due to disease or treatment16-18......Page 107
2.3.5 Vaccination of patients following receipt of other blood products including blood transfusions......Page 119
2.3.8 Vaccination of those at occupational risk......Page 121
2.3.11 Vaccination of men who have sex with men......Page 125
2.3.12 Vaccination of injecting drug users......Page 126
3.1 Australian bat lyssavirus infection and rabies......Page 127
3.2 Cholera......Page 137
3.3 Diphtheria......Page 141
3.4 Haemophilus influenzae type b (hib)......Page 148
3.5 Hepatitis A......Page 156
3.6 Hepatitis B......Page 166
3.7 Human papillomavirus......Page 181
3.8 Immunoglobulin preparations......Page 192
3.9 Influenza......Page 201
3.10 Japanese encephalitis......Page 212
3.11 Measles......Page 218
3.12 Meningococcal disease......Page 230
3.13 Mumps......Page 240
3.14 Pertussis......Page 244
3.15 Pneumococcal disease......Page 257
3.16 Poliomyelitis......Page 268
3.17 Q fever......Page 274
3.18 Rotavirus......Page 282
3.19 Rubella......Page 291
3.20 Smallpox......Page 300
3.21 Tetanus......Page 305
3.22 Tuberculosis......Page 314
3.23 Typhoid......Page 320
3.24 Varicella......Page 326
3.25 Yellow fever......Page 339
3.26 Zoster (herpes zoster)......Page 346
Appendix 1: Contact details for Australian, State and Territory Government health authorities and communicable disease control......Page 349
Appendix 2: Handbook development......Page 351
Appendix 3: Products registered in Australia but not currently available......Page 356
Appendix 4: Components of vaccines used in the National Immunisation Program*†......Page 357
Appendix 5: Commonly asked questions about vaccination......Page 361
Appendix 6: Definitions of adverse events following immunisation......Page 377
Appendix 7: Glossary of technical terms......Page 381
Appendix 8: List of commonly used abbreviations......Page 386
Appendix 9: Dates when vaccines became available in Australia......Page 389
Appendix 10: Summary table – procedures for a vaccination encounter......Page 392
Table 1.3.1: Pre-vaccination screening checklist......Page 33
Table 1.3.2: Responses to relevant conditions or circumstances identified by the pre-vaccination screening checklist......Page 34
Table 1.3.3: Live attenuated parenteral and oral vaccines......Page 37
Table 1.3.5: Number of vaccine doses that should have been administered by the current age of the child (table to be used in conjunction with Catch-up Worksheet)......Page 45
Table 1.3.6: Minimum dose intervals for NIP vaccines for children <8 years of age (table to be used in conjunction with Catch-up Worksheet)......Page 46
Table 1.3.7: Minimum age for the first dose of vaccine in exceptional circumstances*......Page 47
Table 1.3.8: Recommendations for Hib catch-up vaccination for children <5 years of age when doses have been delayed or missed......Page 50
Table 1.3.9: Recommendations for pneumococcal catch-up vaccination for low-risk children (including Indigenous children living in ACT, NSW, VIC and TAS) <2 years of age, when doses have been delayed or missed......Page 51
Table 1.3.10: Recommendations for pneumococcal catch-up vaccination for Indigenous children <2 years of age in NT, QLD, SA and WA, when doses have been delayed or missed......Page 52
Table 1.3.11: Recommendations for pneumococcal catch-up vaccination for children ≤5 years of age* with underlying medical conditions......Page 53
Table 1.3.12: Catch-up schedules for individuals ≥8 years of age......Page 55
Table 1.4.1: Route of administration for vaccines commonly used in Australia......Page 59
Table 1.5.1: Clinical features which may assist differentiation between a vasovagal episode and anaphylaxis......Page 79
Table 1.5.2: Doses of intramuscular 1:1000 (one in one thousand) adrenaline for anaphylaxis......Page 81
Table 2.2.1: Dose and routes of administration of commonly used vaccines in adult travellers (≥15 years of age)......Page 97
Table 2.2.2: Recommended lower age limits of travel vaccines for children......Page 99
Table 2.3.1: Vaccinations in pregnancy......Page 103
Table 2.3.2: Recommendations for vaccinations for solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients......Page 112
Table 2.3.3: Post-transplantation vaccination schedules for allogeneic and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients32,34......Page 115
Table 2.3.4: Immunological categories based on age-specific CD4 counts and percentage of total lymphocytes44......Page 116
Table 2.3.5: Recommended intervals between either immunoglobulins or blood products and MMR, MMRV or varicella vaccination65......Page 120
Table 2.3.6: Recommended vaccinations for those at risk of occupationally acquired vaccine-preventable diseases*......Page 122
Table 3.1.1: Summary of Australian bat lyssavirus and rabies post-exposure treatment for non-immune individuals......Page 134
Table 3.5.1: Recommended dosages and schedules for use of the inactivated hepatitis A vaccines......Page 160
Table 3.5.2: Recommended doses of normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG) to be given as a single intramuscular injection to close contacts of hepatitis A cases......Page 163
Table 3.6.1: Hepatitis B and hepatitis A/hepatitis B combination vaccination schedules......Page 172
Table 3.6.2: Accelerated hepatitis B vaccination schedules*......Page 173
Table 3.6.3: Post-exposure prophylaxis for non-immune individuals exposed to an HBsAg positive person......Page 179
Table 3.9.1: Recommended doses of influenza vaccine......Page 206
Table 3.11.1: Management of significant measles exposure using vaccination or normal human immunoglobulin (NHIG)......Page 229
Table 3.12.1: Early clinical management of suspected meningococcal disease......Page 237
Table 3.14.1: Recommended antimicrobial therapy and chemoprophylaxis regimens for pertussis in infants, children and adults47-54......Page 253
Table 3.15.1: Summary table – pneumococcal vaccination schedule for children ≤9 years of age (see also Section 1.3.5, Catch-up)......Page 262
Table 3.15.2: Underlying medical conditions predisposing children ≤9 years of age to IPD......Page 263
Table 3.15.3: Revaccination with 23vPPV for people ≥10 years of age......Page 265
Table 3.17.1: Interpretation and action for serological and skin test results (with modifications from Q fever. Your questions answered (CSL, 1999)4)......Page 278
Table 3.18.1: Age limits for dosing of oral rotavirus vaccines......Page 286
Table 3.21.1: Guide to tetanus prophylaxis in wound management......Page 310
Table 3.24.1: Recommendations for varicella vaccination with monovalent VV (currently available), and once MMRV vaccines are available......Page 330
Table 3.24.2: Zoster immunoglobulin-VF (ZIG) dose based on weight......Page 337
Table 3.25.1: Yellow fever endemic countries......Page 341