The Art of Agile Development

Copyright
Table of Contents
Preface
	Conventions Used in This Book
	Using Code Examples
	O’Reilly Online Learning
	How to Contact Us
		Acknowledgements
Part I. Improving Agility
1. What Is Agile?
	Agile’s Genesis
	Born Out of Crisis
	The Agile Manifesto
	The Essence of Agile
		Adaptive rather than predictive
		People-oriented rather than process-oriented
	Why Agile Won
	Why Agile Works
	Why Agile Fails
2. How to Be Agile
	Practicing Agile
	The Road to Mastery
	How to Begin
		Joining an Agile Team
		Introducing Agile
		Improving Existing Agile Teams
		Applying Individual Agile Practices
3. Choose Your Agility
	The Agile Fluency Model
		Focusing Zone
		Delivering Zone
		Optimizing Zone
		Strengthening Zone
	Choose Your Zones
4. Invest in Agility
	Make Time for Learning
		If there’s no time for learning…
		If there’s no budget for help…
	Choose or Create Agile Teams
		If you can’t dedicate people to their teams…
		If team members don’t get along…
		If you can’t create long-lived teams…
		If you can’t get the business, customer, or user expertise you need…
		If you can’t get all the developer skills you need…
	Choose Agile Coaches
		If you can’t hire the coaches you need…
	Delegate Authority and Responsibility to Teams
		If work must be assigned to individuals…
		If tools don’t support team-based work…
		If teams have to use a corporate tracking tool…
		If teams don’t have access to stakeholders…
		If Delivering teams don’t have control over their release processes…
		If Optimizing teams don’t have control over their product plans and spending…
	Change Team Management Style
		If managers have trouble letting go…
	Create Team Rooms
		If a team is remote…
		If you can’t create a physical team room for an in-person team…
	Establish a Learning-Friendly Purpose for Each Team
		If there’s an important deadline…
		If there’s no valuable green-field work to do…
	Replace Waterfall Governance Assumptions
		If waterfall governance is required…
	Change Harmful HR Policies
		If HR policies are set in stone…
	Address Security Concerns
		If there’s no flexibility around security requirements…
		If you’re required to have a separate code review step…
5. Invest in Change
	Understanding Change
	Large-Scale Change
	Making Changes
	Get Management Buy-In
		1. Start with a Conversation
		2. Get the Economic Buyer’s Approval
		3. Make a Formal Proposal
		If this sounds like too much work…
		If management thinks they’re already Agile…
		If management isn’t supportive…
	Get Team Buy-In
		If team members are skeptical…
		If a few team members refuse…
		If the majority of the team refuses…
		If people lie about their acceptance…
	Get Stakeholder Buy-In
		If concrete commitments are required…
		If stakeholders don’t buy in…
	Further Reading
6. Scaling Agility
	Scaling Fluency
		Organizational Capability
		Coaching Capability
		Team Capability
	Scaling Products and Portfolios
		Scaling Vertically
		Scaling Horizontally
		Scaling Vertically and Horizontally
		My Recommendation
Part II. Focusing on Value
7. Teamwork
	Whole Team
		Customer Skills
		Development Skills
		Coaching Skills
		Generalizing Specialists
		Staffing the Team
		Team Size
		A Team of Peers
		The Hole Team Revisited
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Team Room
		Secrets of Collaboration
		Physical Team Rooms
		Virtual Team Rooms
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Safety
		Understanding Psychological Safety
		How to Create Safety
		Leaders’ Role
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Purpose
		Start With the Vision
		Identify the Purpose
		Document the Purpose
		Charter the Purpose
		Promote the Purpose
		Iterate the Purpose
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Context
		Chartering Context
		Iterating Context
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
	Alignment
		Chartering Alignment
		Iterating Alignment
		Adhering to Agreements
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
	Energized Work
		How to Be Energized
		Supporting Energized Work
		Taking Breaks
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
8. Planning
	Stories
		How to Create a Story
		Customer Value
		Splitting and Combining Stories
		Special Stories
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
	Adaptive Planning
		Valuable Increments
		Focus on One Increment at a Time
		Slice Your Increments
		Release Early, Release Often
		Your First Increment
		Adapt Your Plans
		How to Create Your Plan
		Balancing Adaptability and Predictability
		Adaptive Planning and Organizational Culture
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Visual Planning
		Who Plans?
		Cluster Mapping
		Breaking Down Increments
		Impact Mapping
		Prospective Analysis
		Story Mapping
		Iterating the Visual Plan
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	The Planning Game
		How to Play
		Keep Your Options Open
		How to Win the Planning Game
		Prioritizing Development Decisions
		Facing Reality
		Iterating the Planning Game
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
	Real Customer Involvement
		Personal Development
		Platform Development
		In-House Custom Development
		Outsourced Custom Development
		Vertical-Market Software
		Horizontal-Market Software
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Results
		Experiments and Alternatives
	Incremental Requirements
		The Living Requirements Document
		When Experts Aren’t Part of the Team
		Work Incrementally
		Documentation
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
9. Ownership
	Task Planning
		Cadence
		Creating Tasks
		Visual Tracking
		Cross-Team Dependencies
		Making and Meeting Iteration Commitments
		Incomplete Stories
		Emergency Requests
		Your First Week
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Capacity
		Yesterday’s Weather
		Capacity and the Iteration Timebox
		Stabilizing Capacity
		Estimating Stories
		When Estimating Is Difficult
		Defending Estimates
		Your Initial Capacity
		How to Improve Capacity
		Capacity Is Not Productivity
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
	Slack
		How Much Slack?
		How to Use Slack
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Stand-Up Meetings
		How to Hold the Daily Stand-Up
		Be Brief
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Informative Workspace
		Subtle Cues
		Big Visible Charts
		Improvement Charts
		Gaming
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Customer Examples
		Describe
		Demonstrate
		Develop
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	“Done Done”
		How to Be “Done Done”
		Making Time
		Organizational Constraints
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
10. Accountability
	Stakeholder Trust
		Show Some Hustle
		Show Some Empathy
		Deliver on Commitments
		Manage Problems
		Respect Customer Goals
		Make Stakeholders Look Good
		Be Honest
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Stakeholder Demos
		Feedback Loops
		The Demo Cadence
		How to Conduct a Stakeholder Demo
		Be Prepared
		When Things Go Wrong
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
	Forecasting
		Uncertainty and Risk
		Predefined Release Dates
		Feasibility Forecasts
		Date and Scope Forecasts
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Roadmaps
		Agile Governance
		Option 1: Just the Facts
		Option 2: General Direction
		Option 3: Date and Approximate Scope
		Option 4: Detailed Plans and Predictions
		Corporate Tracking Tools
		When Your Roadmap Isn’t Good Enough
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Management
		Theory X and Theory Y
		The Role of Agile Management
		Measurement Dysfunction
		Why Measurement Dysfunction is Inevitable
		Delegatory Management
		When Metrics Are Required
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
11. Improvement
	Retrospectives
		Types of Retrospectives
		How to Conduct a Heartbeat Retrospective
		Step 1: The Prime Directive (5 minutes)
		Step 2: Brainstorming (20 minutes)
		Step 3: Mute Mapping (15 minutes)
		Step 4: Generate Insights (10–30 minutes)
		Step 5: Retrospective Objective (10–20 minutes)
		Follow Through
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Team Dynamics
		What Makes a Team?
		Team Development
		Communication, Collaboration, and Interaction
		Shared Leadership
		Toxic Behavior
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Impediment Removal
		Identifying Impediments
		Circles and Soup
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
Part III. Delivering Reliably
12. Collaboration
	Collective Code Ownership
		Making Collective Ownership Work
		Egoless Programming
		Collaborating Without Conflict
		Working with Unfamiliar Code
		Benefits to Programmers
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
	Pair Programming
		Why Pair?
		Pairing Stations
		How to Pair
		Effective Navigating
		Teaching Through Pairing
		Challenges
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Mob Programming
		How to Mob
		Why Mobbing Works
		The Mobbing Station
		Making Mobbing Work
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Ubiquitous Language
		The Domain Expertise Conundrum
		Speak the Same Language
		How to Create a Ubiquitous Language
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
13. Development
	Zero Friction
		One-Second Feedback
		Know Your Editor
		Reproducible Builds
		Five-Minute Integration
		Control Complexity
		Automate Everything
		Automate Incrementally
		Automating Legacy Code
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
	Continuous Integration
		Continuous Integration Is a Practice, Not a Tool
		The Many Flavors of Continuous Integration
		The Continuous Integration Dance
		Continuous Integration Without a CI Server
		Synchronous Versus Asynchronous Integration
		Multistage Integration Builds
		Pull Requests and Code Reviews
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Test-Driven Development
		Why TDD Works
		How to Use TDD
		Eat the Onion from the Inside Out
		A TDD Example
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Fast, Reliable Tests
		Rely on Narrow Unit Tests
		Test Outside Interactions with Narrow Integration Tests
		Simulate Nonlocal Dependencies
		Control Global State
		Write Sociable Tests
		Separate Infrastructure and Logic
		Use Broad Tests Only as a Safety Net
		Adding Tests to Existing Code
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Refactoring
		How to Refactor
		Refactoring in Action
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Spike Solutions
		Quick Questions
		Third-Party Dependencies
		Design Experiments
		Making Time for Spikes
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
14. Design
	Incremental Design
		Never Stop Designing
		How Incremental Design Works
		Levels of Design
		Risk-Driven Architecture
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Simple Design
		YAGNI: You Aren’t Gonna Need It
		Once and Only Once
		Coupling and Cohesion
		Third-Party Components
		Fail Fast
		Self-Documenting Code
		Published Interfaces
		Performance Optimization
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Reflective Design
		How Reflective Design Works
		Reflective Design in Practice
		Reverse-Engineering the Design
		Identifying Improvements
		Code Smells
		Incrementally Refactor
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
15. DevOps
	Build for Operation
		Threat Modeling
		Configuration
		Secrets
		Paranoiac Telemetry
		Logging
		Metrics and Observability
		Monitoring and Alerting
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Feature Flags
		Keystones
		Feature Flags
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Continuous Deployment
		How to Use Continuous Deployment
		Detecting Deployment Failures
		Resolving Deployment Failures
		Incremental Releases
		Data Migration
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
	Evolutionary System Architecture
		Are You Really Gonna Need It?
		Aim for Simplicity
		Controlling Complexity
		Refactoring System Architecture
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
16. Quality
	No Bugs
		Don’t Play the Bug Blame Game
		How to Build Quality In
		Fix Bugs Immediately
		Testers’ Role
		‘Tude
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
	Blind Spot Discovery
		Validated Learning
		Exploratory Testing
		Chaos Engineering
		Penetration Testing and Vulnerability Assessments
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
	Incident Analysis
		The Nature of Failure
		Conducting the Analysis
		Organizational Learning
		Incident Accountability
		Questions
		Prerequisites
		Indicators
		Alternatives and Experiments
		Further Reading
Part IV. Optimizing Outcomes
17. Autonomy
	Business Expertise
	Business Decisions
	Accountability and Oversight
	Funding
	Experiments and Further Reading
18. Discovery
	Validated Learning
	Adaptability
	Experiments and Further Reading
19. Into the Future
References
Index