The Aqueous Chemistry of Polonium and the Practical Application of its Thermochemistry

The Aqueous Chemistry of Polonium and the Practical Application of Its Thermochemistry
Copyright
Contents
1 Polonium
	References
2 Physical and chemical properties
	2.1 Isotopes of polonium
	2.2 Elemental polonium
		2.2.1 Physical properties
		2.2.2 Chemical properties
	2.3 Oxidation states of polonium
		2.3.1 Chemical properties
	2.4 Polonium oxides, hydroxides, and hydrides
		2.4.1 Physical properties
		2.4.2 Chemical properties
	2.5 Polonium halides
		2.5.1 Physical properties
		2.5.2 Chemical properties
	2.6 Polonides, polonites, and the polonium compounds with other chalcogens
		2.6.1 Physical properties
		2.6.2 Chemical properties
	2.7 Polonium nitrates
		2.7.1 Chemical properties
	2.8 Solvent extraction of polonium
	2.9 Polonium ion exchange
	2.10 Other behavior
	References
3 Chemical thermodynamics of polonium
	3.1 General principles
		3.1.1 Ionic strength corrections
	3.2 Thermochemical properties for polonium species
		3.2.1 Po(s), Po(g), and Po2(g)
		3.2.2 Po2−
		3.2.3 Po2+
		3.2.4 PoO2(s)
		3.2.5 H2PoO3(aq)
		3.2.6 PoO32−
		3.2.7 HPoO3−
		3.2.8 PoO2+ and PoOOH+
		3.2.9 PoO3(s)
		3.2.10 H2Po(aq) and HPo−
		3.2.11 PoCl2(s)
		3.2.12 PoCl4(s)
		3.2.13 PoCl42−
		3.2.14 PoCl+, PoCl2(aq), and PoCl3−
		3.2.15 PoCl62−
		3.2.16 PoOHCl4−
		3.2.17 PoOCl42− and PoO(OH)Cl2−
		3.2.18 PoBr2(s)
		3.2.19 PoBr4(s)
		3.2.20 PoI2(s) and PoI4(s)
		3.2.21 PoI5− and PoI62−
		3.2.22 PoS(s)
		3.2.23 PoSO4(s)
		3.2.24 PoOSO4(aq) and PoO(SO4)22−
		3.2.25 Po(SO4)2·H2O(s) and PoO(SO4)34−
		3.2.26 (PoO)2OSO4(s)
		3.2.27 PoSO4(aq)
		3.2.28 (PoO)2OSeO4(s)
		3.2.29 PoOSeO4(aq) and PoO(SeO4)22−
		3.2.30 Ag2PoO3(s)
		3.2.31 PbPo(s), HgPo(s), ZnPo(s), NiPo(s), and Ag2Po(s)
		3.2.32 Other metal polonides
		3.2.33 (PoO)2(NO3)3OH(s)
		3.2.34 PoONO3+, PoO(NO3)2(aq), and PoO(NO3)3−
		3.2.35 Po(CN)62−
		3.2.36 PoO(CN)2(s)
		3.2.37 Organic complexes of polonium
		3.2.38 Summary of thermochemical data
	References
4 The pH-potential diagram for polonium
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 The polonium–water system
	4.3 Construction of pH-potential diagrams
	References
5 The use of pH–potential diagrams in practical applications
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Derivation of pH–potential diagrams
	5.3 The aqueous speciation of polonium, selenium, tellurium, and lead
	5.4 Case study—polonium behavior during anode slimes processing
		5.4.1 Anode slimes processing
			5.4.1.1 Copper anode (raw) slimes
			5.4.1.2 Decopperization
			5.4.1.3 Cyanidation
			5.4.1.4 Zinc precipitation
			5.4.1.5 Aciding and silver recovery
		5.4.2 Overview
		5.4.3 Oxidation experiments
			5.4.3.1 Oxidation using calcium hypochlorite
			5.4.3.2 Oxidation using sodium hypochlorite
		5.4.4 Acid leaching experiments
			5.4.4.1 Sulfuric acid leaching
			5.4.4.2 Leaching with different leachants
		5.4.5 Preparation of lead/polonium sulfate
		5.4.6 Discussion
	5.5 Case study—polonium behavior during silver and gold electrorefining
	5.6 Case study—polonium in seawater
	5.7 Case study—autodeposition of polonium
	5.8 Case study—the mineral processing of rare earth minerals
	References
6 Conclusions
	Reference
Appendix 1 Thermochemical data
	References
Appendix 2 Polonium Hydroxochloride Complexation
	References
Index