The Angry Earth: Disaster in Anthropological Perspective

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Contributors
Acknowledgments
Introduction to the Second Edition of The Angry Earth: From Introduction to Widespread Reception
	Reflecting on the Title “Angry Earth”
	Advancements in the Overall Field of Risk and Disaster
	The Contributions of Anthropology
	Persistent Challenges
	New Chapters and Updates
	Bibliography
Introduction to the First Edition. Anthropology and the Angry Earth: An Overview
	Trends in the Anthropology of Disaster
	The Angry Earth
	Notes
	Bibliography
PART I Disasters, Environment, and Culture
	1 “What Is a Disaster?”: Anthropological Perspectives on a Persistent Question
		Introduction
		Disasters: Variability and Complexity
		Elements of a Definitional Debate
		Disasters and Debates in Anthropological Perspective
		A Political Ecological Approach to Disasters
		Conclusion: Defining Disaster in the Context of Global Change
		Bibliography
		Postscript: Hazards of Nature, Disasters of Society
		Bibliography
PART II Environmental Pattern, Hazards, and Culture: The Archaeological Perspective
	2 Convergent Catastrophes: Geoarcheological Perspectives on Collateral Disasters and Cultural Change in the Central Andes
		Forcing Agencies
		Diagnosing Convergent Stress
		Symptoms of Stress and Change
		Twentieth-Century Analogs
		Past Cases of Convergent Catastrophe
		The Darkest Side of Disaster
		Bibliography
		Postscript: Convergent Catastrophe: Past Patterns and Future Implications of Collateral Disaster in the Andres
		Bibliography
	3 Explosive Volcanic Eruptions and Societal Responses: A Comparative Archeological Study in Middle America
		Introduction
		Central American Cases of Volcanism and Ancient Societies
		Mexican Cases of Volcanism and Ancient Societies
		Conclusions
		Note
		Bibliography
		Postscript: The Ilopango Volcanic Eruption and Its Effects on Climate and People
		Bibliography
PART III The Cultural Construction of Catastrophe
	4 Peru’s Five-Hundred-Year Earthquake: Vulnerability in Historical Context
		Natural Hazards in the Andes
		Adaptations to Hazards in the Pre-Columbian Andes
		Peruvian History and the Subversion of Indigenous Adaptations
		The Great Peruvian Earthquake of May 31, 1970
		Conclusion
		Note
		Bibliography
		Postscript: The Five-Hundred-Year Earthquake: Seeking Root Causes and Deep Drivers
		Bibliography
	5 Examining Vulnerability to Natural Disasters: A Comparative Analysis of Four Southern California Communities after the Northridge Earthquake
		Introduction: Examining Vulnerability
		Analyzing Vulnerability in the United States
		Researching Vulnerability
		A Framework for Vulnerability Analysis
		Vulnerability in Fillmore and Piru
		Contributing Factors in Hazard Vulnerability
		Vulnerability and Recovery Issues
		Conclusions
		Note
		Bibliography
		Postscript: Vulnerability Then and Now
		Notes
		Bibliography
	6 The Negation of a Disaster: The Media Response to Oils Spills in Great Britain
		Introduction
		The Sociocultural Construction of Technological Disasters
		The Braer Oil Spill in the Shetland Islands
		The Sea Empress Oil Spill in Wales
		Analysis: The Media Response to Disaster
		Technological Disaster Narratives
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
		Postscript: Continued Disavowal and the Advent of Social Media
		Bibliography
PART IV Varieties of Cultural Response
	7 “The Worst of Times, the Best of Times”: Toward a Model of Cultural Response to Disaster
		A Brief Synopsis of the Oakland Firestorm
		The Crisis—Recovery’s Primary Phase
		The Aftermath Nexus—Secondary Phase
		Passage to Closure—The Third Phase
		Notes
		Bibliography
		Postscript: Behind the Stages and Act Four: More to the Worst of Times, the Best of Times Model
		Bibliography
	8 Vulnerability, Disaster, and Survival in Bangladesh: Three Case Studies
		Introduction
		Vulnerability: The Concept and the Approach
		Anthropology and Disaster Research
		Disasters in Bangladesh: A Brief Overview
		Adjustments and Survival: Three Case Studies
		Disaster Management in Bangladesh: Looking Back and Ahead
		Note
		Bibliography
		Postscript: Integrated Approach to Risk Reduction and Development
		Bibliography
	9 “Tell Them We’re Hurting”: Hurricane Andrew, the Culture of Response, and the Fishing Peoples of South Florida and Louisiana
		Introduction
		The Disaster Event and Initial Perceptions
		Reality of the Impact—Florida
		Reality of the Impact—Louisiana
		Discussion—The Culture of Response
		Conclusion
		Note
		Bibliography
		Postscript: Hurricanes: Diverse Impacts and Diverse Responses
	10 Epidemics and Disasters: From Venezuela’s Delta Amacuro to the Mississippi Wetlands
		Introduction
		Narrative, Social Forms, and Dramaturgical Models
		The Temporalities of Disasters and Epidemics
		Official Narratives and Alternative Archives
		Local Registers of Disaster-Induced Epidemics
		Conclusion
		Notes
		Bibliography
	11 Drought: A Challenge to Livelihoods, Sustainability, and Resilience
		Introduction
		Relevant Literature
		How Drought Is Defined and Measured, and the Drivers of Drought
		Drought and Disaster
		Case Studies: Drought in East Africa
		Conclusion
		Bibliography
	12 The Brotherhood of Pain: Emotion and Social Organization in the Crisis of Disaster
		First, Brothers … Then Unequal … Now United
		Disasters, Solidarity, and Social Organizational Theory
		Rationality and Emotionality in Collective Behavior
		Interactional Form, Structure, and Antistructure in Crisis
		Operationalizing Communitas
		Conclusion
		Bibliography
		Postscript: Communitas and Resilience
		Bibliography
	13 The Regenesis of Traditional Gender Patterns in the Wake of Disaster
		What Had Happened?
		Note
		Bibliography
		Postscript: Still With Us after All These Years; but Slowly Changing
		Bibliography
PART V Agencies, Survivors, and Culture
	14 Plan and Pattern in Reaction to Earthquake: Peru, 1970–1998
		May 31, 1970
		The Human Response to “Acts of God”
		Disasters as Human Events
		The Callejón de Huaylas, Peru: 1970
		Chronology of Earthquake History: 1970–1998
		Anticipating the Course of Action and Response
		Huaraz, “Pretensión”
		Yungay, “Beauty”
		Huaylas, “Harvest”
		A New Catastrophism
		Recovering Well-Being
		Twenty-Eight Years Later: A Retrospective View
		Conclusions
		Notes
		Bibliography
		Postscript: Revisiting a Scene of Disaster, Again
		Notes
		Bibliography
	15 Bhopal and Beyond: An Anthropology of Relief and Rehabilitation Efforts and Prospects for a Socially Relevant Political Ecology of Disaster Management
		The Company
		The Rehabilitation Bureaucracy
		The Culture of Medical Practice and Research
		The Activists
		Conclusion: Bhopal and Anthropology
		Notes
		Bibliography
		Postscript: The Bhopal Gas Disaster Three Decades On
		Bibliography
	16 The Phoenix Effect in Post-Disaster Recovery: An Analysis of the Economic Development Administration’s Culture of Response after Hurricane Andrew
		Introduction
		The Disaster Event
		EDA as a Disaster Response Institution
		Disaster, Risk, and the Phoenix Effect
		EDA’s Operational “Culture of Response”
		Analysis of EDA’s Funded Projects
		Conclusions
		Note
		Bibliography
		Postscript: The Phoenix Effect Revisited: Hurricane Andrew, South Florida, and the Rise of Punctuated Entropy
		Bibliography
	17 Disaster Anthropology in Non-Governmental Organizations
		Setting the Stage
		Disaster Anthropology
		Humanitarian Community Knowledge
		How Humanitarian NGOs Work
		Why Work for an NGO?
		Anthropological Contributions to NGO Work
		The Anthropologist’s NGO Work Dilemma: Contrasts and Realities
		Anthropological Pathways to Humanitarian NGO work
		Conclusions
		Bibliography
	18 Disaster and Climate Change-Related Displacements and Resettlements: Cultural and Political Ecologies of Space, Power, and Practice
		Displacement and Resettlement Matters
		Case Studies
		Bibliography
PART VI Disaster and Cultural Continuity
	19 Islands on an Angry Earth: Climate Change, Disasters, and Implications for Two Island Communities
		Introduction
		Climate Change and the Amplification of Disasters
		Applying an Anthropological Toolkit to Navigate Vectors of Change
		Islands of Change
		Acknowledgments
		Bibliography
	20 After Atlas Shrugs: Cultural Persistence and Perpetuation in the Context of Disaster
		A Brief Consideration of (A Few) Factors
		One Small Island—Two Disasters
		The Legacy of Oakland—Another Example
		Change and Persistence/Persistence and Change
		Bibliography
		Postscript: After Atlas Staggers: The Question of Cultural Continuity and Change Twenty Years Later
		Bibliography
Index