The Analysis of Controlled Substances (Analytical Techniques in the Sciences (AnTs) *)

THE ANALYSIS OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES......Page 4
Contents......Page 10
Series Preface......Page 14
Preface......Page 16
Acronyms, Abbreviations and Symbols......Page 18
About the Author......Page 20
1.1 Introductory Remarks......Page 22
1.2 International Legislation......Page 23
1.3.2 The Provisions of the Misuse of Drugs Act, 1971......Page 24
1.6 The Drug Chemist and Drug Analysis......Page 26
1.7 Quality Assurance in the Drugs Laboratory......Page 30
1.8 Presentation of Evidence in Court......Page 31
References......Page 32
2.1 Introduction......Page 34
2.2.1 Sampling and Physical Description of Amphetamines......Page 36
2.2.2 Presumptive Testing of Amphetamines......Page 39
2.2.3 Thin Layer Chromatography of Amphetamines......Page 40
2.2.4 Definitive Identification of Amphetamines......Page 41
2.3 Quantification of Amphetamines......Page 46
2.4 Comparison and Profiling of Amphetamine Samples......Page 52
2.4.2 The Reductive Amination of Benzyl Methyl Ketone......Page 53
2.4.3 The Nitrostyrene Synthesis......Page 54
2.4.4 Impurity Extraction and Sample Comparison......Page 55
References......Page 57
3.1 Introduction......Page 58
3.2 Qualitative Identification of LSD......Page 59
3.2.1 Sampling and Physical Description of LSD Blotter Acid......Page 60
3.2.2 Extraction of LSD Prior to Analysis......Page 62
3.2.3 Presumptive Testing for LSD......Page 63
3.2.5 Confirmatory Tests for the Presence of LSD......Page 64
References......Page 68
4.1 Introduction......Page 70
4.2 Origins, Sources and Manufacture of Cannabis......Page 72
4.3 Analytical Sequence, Bulk and Trace Sampling Procedures......Page 74
4.4 Qualitative Identification of Cannabis......Page 75
4.4.1 Identification of Herbal Material......Page 76
4.4.2 Identification of Other Materials......Page 78
4.4.3 Comparison of Cannabis Samples......Page 86
References......Page 93
5.1 Introduction......Page 94
5.2 Origins, Sources and Manufacture of Diamorphine......Page 95
5.3 Appearance of Heroin and Associated Paraphernalia......Page 98
5.4 Bulk and Trace Sampling Procedures......Page 99
5.5 Identification, Quantification and Comparison of Heroin Samples......Page 100
5.5.1 Presumptive Tests for Heroin......Page 101
5.5.2 Thin Layer Chromatography of Heroin Samples......Page 102
5.5.3 Gas Chromatographic–Mass Spectroscopic Identification of Heroin......Page 104
5.5.4 Quantification of Heroin Samples......Page 108
5.5.5 Comparison of Heroin Samples......Page 113
References......Page 116
6.1 Introduction......Page 118
6.2.1 Extraction and Preparation of Coca Paste......Page 120
6.3.1 Presumptive Tests for Cocaine......Page 121
6.3.2 Thin Layer Chromatography......Page 123
6.3.3 Definitive Identification of Cocaine......Page 124
6.4.1 Quantification of Cocaine by GC–MS......Page 128
6.4.2 Quantification of Cocaine by UV Spectroscopy......Page 129
6.5 Comparison of Cocaine Samples......Page 130
References......Page 131
7.2 Products of Catha edulis......Page 134
7.2.1 Identification, Quantification and Comparison of Khat Samples......Page 136
7.3 Products of Lophophora williamsii......Page 140
7.3.1 Physical Description and Sampling of Materials......Page 141
7.3.3 TLC Analysis of Mescaline......Page 142
7.3.4 HPLC Analysis of Mescaline......Page 143
7.3.6 Comparison of Peyote Samples......Page 145
References......Page 146
8.1 Introduction......Page 148
8.2.1 Identification of Fungal Species from Morphological Characteristics......Page 150
8.2.2 Identification of Psilocin and Psilocybin Using Chemical Analysis......Page 151
8.2.3 Quantification of Psilocin and Psilocybin by HPLC......Page 156
8.3 The Identification of Psilocybin- and Psilocin-Containing Fungi Using DNA Profiling......Page 157
References......Page 158
9.1 Introduction......Page 160
9.2 Analysis of Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines......Page 162
9.2.2 Presumptive Tests for Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines......Page 163
9.2.3 TLC of Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines......Page 164
9.2.4 Confirmatory Analysis of Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines......Page 167
9.2.5 Quantification of Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines......Page 170
References......Page 172
10.1 Current Status of Drug Analysis......Page 174
10.2 Conclusions......Page 176
1 Presumptive (Colour) Tests......Page 178
2 Less-Common Controlled Substances......Page 180
Responses to Self-Assessment Questions......Page 182
Bibliography......Page 196
Glossary of Terms......Page 200
SI Units and Physical Constants......Page 204
Periodic Table......Page 208
Index......Page 210