The age of migration: international population movements in the modern world

Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of Illustrative Material......Page 10
Preface to the Fifth Edition......Page 12
Note on Migration Statistics......Page 15
The Age of Migration Website......Page 16
List of Abbreviations......Page 17
1 Introduction......Page 20
 The challenges of global migration......Page 24
 Contemporary migrations: general trends......Page 32
 International migration in global governance......Page 36
 Ethnic diversity, racism and multiculturalism......Page 37
 Aims and structure of the book......Page 39
 Guide to further reading......Page 41
2 Theories of Migration......Page 44
 Explaining the migratory process......Page 46
 Functionalist theories: push–pull models and neoclassical theory......Page 47
 Historical–structural theories......Page 50
 Putting migrants fi rst: agency, identity and the perpetuation of migration......Page 56
 Network, transnationalism and migration systems theories......Page 58
 Migration transition theories......Page 65
 Conclusion......Page 70
 Guide to further reading......Page 72
3 How Migration Transforms Societies......Page 74
 The transformation of receiving societies: from migration to settlement......Page 75
 The formation of ethnic minorities......Page 76
 Race and racism......Page 78
 Gender and migration......Page 80
 Culture, identity and community......Page 82
 State and nation......Page 83
 Citizenship......Page 85
 The migration and development debate......Page 88
 The development impacts of migration......Page 94
 Reform as a condition for migration and development......Page 97
 Policy considerations......Page 98
 Conclusions......Page 100
 Guide to further reading......Page 101
4 International Migration before 1945......Page 103
 Colonialism......Page 105
 Industrialization and migration to North America and Oceania before 1914......Page 108
 Labour migration within Europe......Page 112
 The interwar period......Page 115
 Conclusions......Page 118
 Guide to further reading......Page 119
5 Migration in Europe since 1945......Page 121
 Migration in the post-World War II boom......Page 123
 European migrations in the period of economic restructuring (1974–mid-1990s)......Page 130
 Southern European migration transitions......Page 132
 Migration in Central and Eastern Europe......Page 134
 Migration trends of the new millennium......Page 135
 Migratory consequences of the global economic crisis......Page 137
 Europe’s changing population......Page 138
 Conclusions......Page 142
 Guide to further reading......Page 144
6 Migration in the Americas......Page 145
 Migration from 1945 to the 1970s......Page 147
 Migration since the 1970s......Page 150
 Regional trends and policy developments......Page 160
 Conclusions......Page 163
 Guide to further reading......Page 165
7 Migration in the Asia–Pacifi c Region......Page 166
 The development of Asian migration......Page 167
 Asian migration to Western Europe, North America and Oceania......Page 170
 Labour migration within Asia......Page 172
 East Asia......Page 175
 South-East Asia......Page 177
 Countries of emigration......Page 178
 Highly qualifi ed migrants and students......Page 180
 Refugees......Page 182
 Oceania......Page 185
 Conclusions: perspectives for Asian migration......Page 188
 Guide to further reading......Page 190
8 Migration in Africa and the Middle East......Page 191
 Historical and colonial roots of contemporary migrations......Page 193
 Postcolonial migration within Africa......Page 194
 Intercontinental migration to Europe and the Gulf States......Page 197
 Forced migration in the Middle East......Page 200
 Changing intra-African migrations after 1989......Page 203
 New African migrations to Europe, the Middle East and China......Page 206
 The political salience of migration......Page 208
 Conclusions......Page 212
 Guide to further reading......Page 215
9 Migration, Security and the Debate on Climate Change......Page 217
 Key dimensions of the international migration and security nexus......Page 218
 From a non-problem to an obsession:migration and security in the OECD area, 1945–2012......Page 220
 Migration and security in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)......Page 226
 A growing concern: environment, climate change and migration......Page 228
 Guide to further reading......Page 232
 Employer sanctions......Page 234
 Legalization programmes......Page 237
 Temporary foreign-worker admission programmes......Page 239
 Refugees and asylum......Page 240
 Regional integration......Page 249
 The ‘migration industry’......Page 254
 Human smuggling and traffi cking......Page 255
 Conclusions: a quixotic or credible quest for control?......Page 257
 Guide to further reading......Page 258
 Labour demand in advanced economies......Page 259
 Migrants in the labour market......Page 261
 Migrant workers in the global economic crisis (GEC)......Page 266
 The new political economy: making the global labour market......Page 272
 The transformation of work......Page 275
 Conclusions......Page 279
 Guide to further reading......Page 281
 Incorporation: how immigrants become part of society......Page 283
 Immigration policies and minority formation......Page 289
 Labour market position......Page 291
 Residential segregation, community formation and the global city......Page 293
 Social policy......Page 296
 Racism and minorities......Page 301
 Racist violence......Page 303
 Minorities and citizenship......Page 306
 Linguistic and cultural rights......Page 310
 Conclusions: the integration challenge......Page 311
 Guide to further reading......Page 313
13 Immigrants and Politics......Page 315
 Origin countries and expatriates......Page 316
 Extra-parliamentary forms of migrant participation and representation......Page 320
 Non-citizen voting rights: a global issue......Page 322
 Migrants and ethnic voting blocs......Page 324
 Anti-immigrant movements and parties......Page 326
 The politics of immigration policy-making......Page 331
 Conclusions......Page 333
 Guide to further reading......Page 335
14 Conclusion: Migration in the Twenty-First Century......Page 336
 Future perspectives for global migration and mobility......Page 337
 Improving international cooperation and governance......Page 339
 Responding to irregular immigration......Page 342
 Legal migration and integration......Page 345
 Ethnic diversity, social change and the nation-state......Page 347
Bibliography......Page 351
Index......Page 400