The 2019 Yearbook of the Digital Ethics Lab (Digital Ethics Lab Yearbook)

Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction to the 2019 Yearbook of the Digital Ethics Lab
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Representing Ourselves, Others, and Our Environment
	1.3 Predicting, Persuading, and Supporting Ourselves and Others
	1.4 Summary of Chapters
	References
Chapter 2: Generative Metaphors in Cybersecurity Governance
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Metaphors and Analogies
	2.3 Metaphors in Cybersecurity Policy
	2.4 Cyber War: Description or Mere Metaphor?
	2.5 Comparing Metaphors
		2.5.1 War
		2.5.2 Public Health
		2.5.3 Ecosystem
		2.5.4 Infrastructure
	2.6 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 3: Norms and Strategies for Stability in Cyberspace
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Analogies and Regulation
	3.3 The Strategic Nature of Cyberspace
	3.4 Conventional Deterrence Theory
	3.5 Cyber Deterrence Theory
	3.6 A Regime of Norms
	3.7 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 4: The Rhetoric and Reality of Anthropomorphism in Artificial Intelligence
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Terminology
	4.3 Neural Networks
	4.4 Lasso Penalties
	4.5 Bagging
	4.6 Boosting
	4.7 Ethical Considerations
	4.8 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 5: Empowerment or Engagement? Digital Health Technologies for Mental Healthcare
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Mental Health and Empowerment
	5.3 Engagement and DHTs: Five Principles to Guide Critical Evaluation
		5.3.1 Autonomy
		5.3.2 Beneficence
		5.3.3 Non-maleficence
		5.3.4 Justice
		5.3.5 Explicability
	5.4 Allowing for Contextual Flexibility
	5.5 Conclusion
	References
Chapter 6: Towards the Ethical Publication of Country of Origin Information (COI) in the Asylum Process
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 How to Address Ethical Concerns When Publishing COI Reports
		6.2.1 Dual-Use Risk
		6.2.2 Open Access
	6.3 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 7: Deciding How to Decide: Six Key Questions for Reducing AI’s Democratic Deficit
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 What Makes the Use of Technology Legitimate in Society?
	7.3 Reducing AI’s Democratic Deficit: Key Questions
		7.3.1 What Should We Ask About AI?
		7.3.2 How Should We Ask About AI?
		7.3.3 Who Should We Ask About AI?
		7.3.4 Where and When Should We Ask About AI?
	7.4 Conclusion: Why Should We Ask at All—And Who Are “We” to Ask, Anyway?
	References
Chapter 8: Prayer-Bots and Religious Worship on Twitter: A Call for a Wider Research Agenda
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Islamic Prayer Apps
	8.3 Religious Context
	8.4 Broader Implications
	References
Chapter 9: What the Near Future of Artificial Intelligence Could Be
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 AI: A Working Definition
	9.3 AI’s Future: From Historical Data to Hybrid and Synthetic Data, and the Need for Ludification
	9.4 AI’s Future: From Difficult Problems to Complex Problems, and the Need for Enveloping
	9.5 Conclusion: A Future of Design
	References
Index