Terraform: Up and Running

Cover
Copyright
Table of Contents
Preface
	Who Should Read This Book
	Why I Wrote This Book
	What You Will Find in This Book
	Changes from the Second Edition to the Third Edition
	Changes from the First Edition to the Second Edition
	What You Won’t Find in This Book
	Open Source Code Examples
	Using the Code Examples
	Conventions Used in This Book
	O’Reilly Online Learning
	How to Contact O’Reilly Media
	Acknowledgments
Chapter 1. Why Terraform
	What Is DevOps?
	What Is Infrastructure as Code?
		Ad Hoc Scripts
		Configuration Management Tools
		Server Templating Tools
		Orchestration Tools
		Provisioning Tools
	What Are the Benefits of Infrastructure as Code?
	How Does Terraform Work?
	How Does Terraform Compare to Other IaC Tools?
		Configuration Management Versus Provisioning
		Mutable Infrastructure Versus Immutable Infrastructure
		Procedural Language Versus Declarative Language
		General-Purpose Language Versus Domain-Specific Language
		Master Versus Masterless
		Agent Versus Agentless
		Paid Versus Free Offering
		Large Community Versus Small Community
		Mature Versus Cutting Edge
		Use of Multiple Tools Together
	Conclusion
Chapter 2. Getting Started with Terraform
	Setting Up Your AWS Account
	Installing Terraform
	Deploying a Single Server
	Deploying a Single Web Server
	Deploying a Configurable Web Server
	Deploying a Cluster of Web Servers
	Deploying a Load Balancer
	Cleanup
	Conclusion
Chapter 3. How to Manage Terraform State
	What Is Terraform State?
	Shared Storage for State Files
	Limitations with Terraform’s Backends
	State File Isolation
		Isolation via Workspaces
		Isolation via File Layout
	The terraform_remote_state Data Source
	Conclusion
Chapter 4. How to Create Reusable Infrastructure with Terraform Modules
	Module Basics
	Module Inputs
	Module Locals
	Module Outputs
	Module Gotchas
		File Paths
		Inline Blocks
	Module Versioning
	Conclusion
Chapter 5. Terraform Tips and Tricks: Loops, If-Statements, Deployment, and Gotchas
	Loops
		Loops with the count Parameter
		Loops with for_each Expressions
		Loops with for Expressions
		Loops with the for String Directive
	Conditionals
		Conditionals with the count Parameter
		Conditionals with for_each and for Expressions
		Conditionals with the if String Directive
	Zero-Downtime Deployment
	Terraform Gotchas
		count and for_each Have Limitations
		Zero-Downtime Deployment Has Limitations
		Valid Plans Can Fail
		Refactoring Can Be Tricky
	Conclusion
Chapter 6. Managing Secrets with Terraform
	Secret Management Basics
	Secret Management Tools
		The Types of Secrets You Store
		The Way You Store Secrets
		The Interface You Use to Access Secrets
		A Comparison of Secret Management Tools
	Secret Management Tools with Terraform
		Providers
		Resources and Data Sources
		State Files and Plan Files
	Conclusion
Chapter 7. Working with Multiple Providers
	Working with One Provider
		What Is a Provider?
		How Do You Install Providers?
		How Do You Use Providers?
	Working with Multiple Copies of the Same Provider
		Working with Multiple AWS Regions
		Working with Multiple AWS Accounts
		Creating Modules That Can Work with Multiple Providers
	Working with Multiple Different Providers
		A Crash Course on Docker
		A Crash Course on Kubernetes
		Deploying Docker Containers in AWS Using Elastic Kubernetes Service
	Conclusion
Chapter 8. Production-Grade Terraform Code
	Why It Takes So Long to Build Production-Grade Infrastructure
	The Production-Grade Infrastructure Checklist
	Production-Grade Infrastructure Modules
		Small Modules
		Composable Modules
		Testable Modules
		Versioned Modules
		Beyond Terraform Modules
	Conclusion
Chapter 9. How to Test Terraform Code
	Manual Tests
		Manual Testing Basics
		Cleaning Up After Tests
	Automated Tests
		Unit Tests
		Integration Tests
		End-to-End Tests
		Other Testing Approaches
	Conclusion
Chapter 10. How to Use Terraform as a Team
	Adopting IaC in Your Team
		Convince Your Boss
		Work Incrementally
		Give Your Team the Time to Learn
	A Workflow for Deploying Application Code
		Use Version Control
		Run the Code Locally
		Make Code Changes
		Submit Changes for Review
		Run Automated Tests
		Merge and Release
		Deploy
	A Workflow for Deploying Infrastructure Code
		Use Version Control
		Run the Code Locally
		Make Code Changes
		Submit Changes for Review
		Run Automated Tests
		Merge and Release
		Deploy
	Putting It All Together
	Conclusion
Appendix. Recommended Reading
	Books
	Blogs
	Talks
	Newsletters
	Online Forums
Index
About the Author
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