Terraform for Developers: Essentials of Infrastructure Automation and Provisioning

Content
 
     Preface
 
     Chapter 1: Introduction to Terraform and Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
 
     Introduction to Terraform and IaC
 
     Overview
 
     Emergence of IaC
 
     Arrival of Terraform
 
     Advantages and Merits of IaC
 
     Elements of Infrastructure as Code
 
     Ad Hoc Scripting Tools
 
     Server Templating Tools
 
     Configuration Management Tools
 
     Orchestration Tools
 
     Provisioning Tools
 
     Core Principles of Terraform
 
     Architecture of Terraform
 
     Features of Terraform
 
     Summary
 
     Chapter 2: Getting Started with Terraform
 
     Installing and Setting up Terraform
 
     Download Appropriate Package
 
     Extract Package
 
     Move Binary to PATH Location
 
     Verify Installation
 
     Setting up Microsoft Azure Account
 
     Sign up Azure Free Account
 
     Verify Identity
 
     Choose Subscription
 
     Set up Account
 
     Confirmation
 
     Navigate to Azure Portal
 
     Create Azure Service for Terraform
 
     Install Azure CLI
 
     Login Azure CLI
 
     Create Service Principal
 
     Configure Terraform for Azure
 
     Create Directory and Configuration File
 
     Define Terraform Azure Provider
 
     Initialize Terraform
 
     Define Infrastructure
 
     Plan and Apply
 
     Terraform Commands In-use
 
     terraform init
 
     terraform validate
 
     terraform fmt
 
     terraform plan
 
     terraform apply
 
     terraform show
 
     terraform destroy
 
     Terraform CLI
 
     User-Friendly
 
     Extensible
 
     Multi-Platform
 
     State Management
 
     Planning and Predictability
 
     Modular and Reusable
 
     Workspace Management
 
     Community Support
 
     HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL)
 
     Blocks
 
     Arguments
 
     Expressions
 
     Variables and Outputs
 
     Functions
 
     Modules
 
     Conditionals
 
     Data Structures
 
     For Loops
 
     Resource Graph
 
     Local Values
 
     Dynamic Blocks
 
     My First Terraform Configuration
 
     Install Azure CLI
 
     Create Directory for Project
 
     Create Terraform Configuration File
 
     Initialize Terraform
 
     Apply Configuration
 
     Executing Terraform Configuration
 
     Initialize Terraform
 
     Validate and Format Configuration
 
     Create Execution Plan
 
     Apply Configuration
 
     Destroy Resources with Terraform
 
     Verify the Current State
 
     Plan the Destruction
 
     Destroy the Resources
 
     Resource Dependencies
 
     Summary
 
     Chapter 3: Essentials of Terraform Configuration Language (HCL)
 
     HashiCorp Configuration Language In-Depth
 
     Variables Definitions
 
     Defining Input Variables
 
     Using Input Variables
 
     Assigning Values to Variables
 
     Interpolation Syntax
 
     Conditional Expressions
 
     Loops and Dynamic Blocks
 
     Loops
 
     Dynamic Blocks
 
     Summary
 
     Chapter 4: Terraform Modules and Reusable Infrastructure
 
     Introduction to Reusable Infrastructure
 
     Terraform Modules
 
     Module Inputs
 
     Module Locals
 
     Module Outputs
 
     Write My First Module
 
     Nested Modules
 
     Implement Module Versioning
 
     Preparing Module Locally
 
     Pushing Module to GitHub
 
     Creating Releases to Version the Module
 
     Consuming the Versioned Module
 
     Updating the Module
 
     Summary
 
     Chapter 5: Terraform State Management
 
     Understanding Terraform State
 
     Local vs Remote State
 
     Local State
 
     Remote State
 
     Implementing Remote State in Terraform Configuration
 
     Define the Backend
 
     Initialize the Backend
 
     Verify the Remote State
 
     Working with Remote State
 
     State Manipulation
 
     Modes to Manipulate State
 
     State Conflicts
 
     Concurrent Terraform Operations
 
     Drift Management
 
     Manual Changes to State File
 
     Inconsistent Resource Metadata
 
     State Drift and Reconciliation
 
     How State Drift Occurs?
 
     State Migration
 
     Summary
 
     Chapter 6: Provisioners and Provisioning Resources
 
     Introduction to Infrastructure Provisioning
 
     Overview
 
     Advantages of Resource Provisioning
 
     Built-In Provisioners
 
     File Provisioner
 
     Local-exec Provisioner
 
     Remote-exec Provisioner
 
     Null Resource Provisioner
 
     Using Provisioners for Configuration Management
 
     Provisioning Errors
 
     Scripting Errors
 
     Connection Errors
 
     Idempotency Errors
 
     Timeout Errors
 
     Destruction Errors
 
     Resource Does Not Yet Exist
 
     Terraform Provisioning Best Practices
 
     Limited Usage of Provisioners
 
     Idempotent Scripts
 
     Explicit Dependencies
 
     Error Handling
 
     Using ‘Self’ in Connection Blocks
 
     Avoid Inline Provisioning Scripts
 
     Secure Connections
 
     Retry Failed Provisioners
 
     Clean up with Destroy Provisioners
 
     Test Provisioners Separately
 
     Document the Code
 
     Summary
 
     Chapter 7: Working with Secrets
 
     Secrets Management Overview
 
     Process Flow of Secrets Management
 
     Secret Creation
 
     Secret Storage
 
     Secret Access
 
     Secret Distribution
 
     Secret Rotation
 
     Secret Auditing
 
     Secret Revocation and Retirement
 
     Exploring Azure Key Vault
 
     Overview
 
     Capabilities of Azure Key Vault
 
     Setting up Azure Key Vault in Terraform
 
     Sample Program to Manage Secrets using Terraform
 
     Monitor and Log Secrets Access
 
     Summary
 
     Chapter 8: Administering Networks with Terraform
 
     Essentials of Networking for Terraform
 
     Manage VPCs using Terraform
 
     Creating Virtual Network
 
     Create Subnets
 
     Define Network Interface
 
     Manage Network Security
 
     Manage Subnets and Routing
 
     Managing Subnets
 
     Managing Routing
 
     Manage DNS
 
     Manage Load Balancers
 
     Network Configuration Troubleshooting
 
     Missing Required Parameters
 
     Incorrect Reference to Other Resources
 
     Overlapping CIDR Blocks
 
     Circular Dependencies
 
     Summary
 
     Chapter 9: Advanced Topics in Terraform
 
     Overview
 
     Categories of Errors
 
     Syntax Errors
 
     Semantic Errors
 
     Troubleshooting Syntax Errors
 
     Troubleshooting Semantic Errors
 
     Troubleshooting Runtime Errors
 
     API Rate Limiting
 
     Insufficient Permissions
 
     Unavailable Resources
 
     Terraform Performance Indicators (KPI)
 
     Execution Speed
 
     Resource Utilization
 
     Error Rates
 
     Maintainability
 
     Deployment Frequency
 
     Change Lead Time
 
     Import Existing Infrastructure
 
     Terraform Testing Overview
 
     Unit Testing
 
     Integration Testing
 
     Validation Testing
 
     Compliance Testing
 
     Executing Unit Testing
 
     Implementing Integration Testing
 
     Running Validation Testing
 
     Testing Compliance
 
     Working with CI/CD
 
     Source Control
 
     Continuous Integration
 
     Continuous Delivery
 
     Infrastructure Monitoring and Observability
 
     Sample Program of GitHub Actions Workflow
 
     Summary
 
     Chapter 10: Administering Terraform As Expert
 
     Overview
 
     Create Custom Modules
 
     Using Git for Configuration Management
 
     Initialize Git Repository
 
     Commit the Changes
 
     Push the Changes
 
     Accelerate Deployment using Version Control
 
     Hashicorp Vault and Dynamic Secrets
 
     Vault\'s Capabilities
 
     Generate Dynamic Secrets
 
     Managing Kubernetes Resources
 
     Reference Image Metadata
 
     Provision AKS Cluster
 
     Setup Azure Provider
 
     Define Resource Group
 
     Create AKS Networking Infrastructure
 
     Define Subnet for AKS Cluster
 
     Create AKS Cluster
 
     Get Credentials for AKS Cluster
 
     Summary
 
     Index
 
     Epilogue