Telemedicine technologies: Information technologies in medicine and telehealth

TELEMEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
List of Figures......Page 13
Foreword......Page 17
Preface......Page 19
Acknowledgements......Page 23
1.1 Information Technology and Healthcare Professionals......Page 25
1.2 Providing Healthcare to Patients......Page 26
1.2.1 Technical Perspective......Page 28
1.2.2 Healthcare Providers......Page 29
1.2.3 End Users......Page 30
1.3 Healthcare Informatics Developments......Page 31
1.4 Different Definitions of Telemedicine......Page 32
1.5 Overview on Telemedicine......Page 33
1.6 The Growth of the Internet: Information Flooding in E-Health......Page 36
References......Page 38
2.1 Wireless Communications Basics......Page 39
2.1.1 Wired vs. Wireless......Page 41
2.1.2 Conducting vs. Optical Cables......Page 43
2.1.3 Data Transmission Speed......Page 44
2.1.4 Electromagnetic Interference......Page 45
2.1.5 Modulation......Page 46
2.2.2 Infrared (IR)......Page 47
2.2.3 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Wi-Fi......Page 48
2.2.5 Cellular Networks......Page 49
2.2.6 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)......Page 50
2.2.8 Licensed and Unlicensed Frequency Bands......Page 51
2.3 The Outdoor Operating Environment......Page 52
2.4 RFID in Telemedicine......Page 56
References......Page 58
3 Wireless Technology in Patient Monitoring......Page 61
3.1 Body Area Networks......Page 62
3.2 Emergency Rescue......Page 64
3.2.1 At the Scene......Page 66
3.2.2 Supporting the Paramedic......Page 67
3.2.3 Network Backbone......Page 69
3.2.5 The Authority......Page 71
3.3.1 At Sea......Page 72
3.3.2 Forests and Mountains......Page 73
3.3.3 Buildings on Fire......Page 74
3.4 At the Hospital......Page 76
3.4.1 Radiology Detects Cancer and Abnormality......Page 77
3.4.2 Robot Assisted Telesurgery......Page 78
3.4.3 People Tracking......Page 80
3.5 General Health Assessments......Page 82
References......Page 88
4 Technologies in Medical Information Processing......Page 91
4.1 Collecting Data from Patients......Page 92
4.1.1 Body Temperature (Normal Range: 36.1–37.5 C......Page 93
4.1.2 Heart Rate (Normal Range at Rest: 60–100 bpm)......Page 95
4.1.3 Blood Pressure (Normal Systolic Pressure Range: 100–140 mmHg)......Page 98
4.1.4 Respiration Rate (Normal Range: 12–24 breathes per minute)......Page 100
4.1.5 Blood Oxygen Saturation (Normal Range: SaO2: 95–100%, PaO2: 90–95 mmHg)......Page 101
4.2 Bio-signal Transmission and Processing......Page 104
4.2.1 Medical Imaging......Page 105
4.2.2 Medical Image Transmission and Analysis......Page 111
4.2.3 Image Compression......Page 114
4.2.4 Biopotential Electrode Sensing......Page 117
4.3 Patient Records and Data Mining Applications......Page 120
4.4 Knowledge Management for Clinical Applications......Page 124
4.5 Electronic Drug Store......Page 127
References......Page 129
5 Wireless Telemedicine System Deployment......Page 131
5.1 Planning and Deployment Considerations......Page 132
5.1.1 The OSI Model......Page 133
5.1.2 Site Survey......Page 135
5.1.3 Standalone Ad Hoc Versus Centrally Co-ordinated Networks......Page 137
5.1.4 Link Budget Evaluation......Page 138
5.1.5 Antenna Placement......Page 139
5.2 Scalability to Support Future Growth......Page 140
5.2.1 Modulation......Page 141
5.2.2 Cellular Configuration......Page 142
5.2.3 Multiple Access......Page 145
5.2.4 Orthogonal Polarization......Page 147
5.3 Integration with Existing IT Infrastructure......Page 149
5.3.2 Database......Page 150
5.3.3 Involving Different People......Page 151
5.4 Evaluating IT Service and Solution Provider......Page 152
5.4.2 Coping with Emerging Technologies......Page 153
5.4.3 Reliability and Liability......Page 154
5.5 Quality Measurement......Page 155
References......Page 158
6 Technologies for Safeguarding Medical Data and Privacy......Page 161
6.1 Information Security Overview......Page 162
6.1.1 What are the Risks?......Page 163
6.1.2 Computer Virus......Page 165
6.1.4 Security Management......Page 166
6.2 Cryptography......Page 168
6.2.1 Certificate......Page 169
6.2.2 Symmetric Cryptography......Page 170
6.2.3 Asymmetric Cryptography......Page 171
6.2.4 Digital Signature......Page 172
6.3 Safeguarding Patient Medical History......Page 173
6.3.2 Personal Controlled Health Record......Page 175
6.4 Anonymous Data Collection and Processing......Page 176
6.4.1 Information Sharing Between Different Authorities and Agencies......Page 177
6.4.2 Disease Control......Page 178
6.4.3 Policy Planning......Page 181
6.5 Biometric Security and Identification......Page 185
6.5.1 Fingerprint......Page 186
6.5.2 Palmprint......Page 187
6.5.3 Iris and Retina......Page 189
6.5.4 Face......Page 192
References......Page 193
7 Information Technology in Alternative Medicine......Page 195
7.1.1 Acupuncture and Acupressure......Page 196
7.1.2 Body Contour and Acupoints......Page 198
7.1.3 Temporary On-Scene Relief Treatment Support......Page 201
7.1.4 Herbal Medicine......Page 202
7.2 Interactive Gaming for Healthcare......Page 203
7.2.2 Monitoring and Optimizing Children’s Health......Page 204
7.2.3 Wireless Control Technology......Page 207
7.3.1 Assortment of Consumer Appliances......Page 208
7.3.2 Safety and Design Considerations......Page 209
7.3.3 Marketing Myths, What Something Claims to Achieve......Page 210
7.4.1 Technology Assisted Exercise......Page 211
7.4.2 In the Gymnasium......Page 213
7.4.3 Continual Health Assessment......Page 214
References......Page 215
8.1 Telecare......Page 219
8.1.1 Telehealth......Page 220
8.1.2 Equipment......Page 221
8.1.3 Sensory Therapy......Page 223
8.1.5 Liability......Page 224
8.2.1 Telecare for Senior Citizens......Page 225
8.2.2 The User Interface......Page 232
8.2.3 Active Versus Responsive......Page 234
8.3.1 Movement Detection......Page 235
8.3.3 Active Prevention......Page 238
8.4 Healthcare Access for Rural Areas......Page 240
8.5.1 A Long History......Page 243
8.5.2 Energy Conservation and Safety......Page 245
8.5.3 Medical Radiation: Risks, Myths, and Misperceptions......Page 247
References......Page 250
9.1 Prognostics in Telemedicine......Page 253
9.2.1 TV-Based Assistive Edutainment Monitoring: A Case Study......Page 257
9.2.2 Smart Home Assistive Technologies......Page 259
9.3 Clothing Technology and Healthcare......Page 262
9.4 Haptic Sensing for Practitioners......Page 264
9.5 The Future of Telemedicine and Information Technology for Everyone: From Newborn to Becoming a Medical Professional all the Way Through to Retirement......Page 266
References......Page 269
Appendix: Key Features of Major
Wireless Network Types......Page 273
Index......Page 279