Telehealth in the Developing World

Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 10
Foreword......Page 14
Preface......Page 16
Scope of the problem......Page 20
Aim of the book......Page 21
References......Page 22
Introduction......Page 26
Measuring the digital divide......Page 27
Forces for change......Page 29
Pivotal role of governments......Page 32
Linking health goals to ICT policy......Page 33
Core content of ICT policy......Page 34
Factors affecting ICT use in the health sector......Page 35
ICT policy orientation in middle- and high-income countries......Page 37
Opportunities presented by policy reform processes......Page 38
Opportunities for action......Page 39
Outlook for the future......Page 40
References......Page 42
The human experience......Page 44
Community Health Information Tracking System......Page 45
E-Learning for Health Project......Page 46
The sustenance factor......Page 48
Conclusion......Page 49
References......Page 50
Introduction......Page 51
National Telemedicine Programme......Page 52
Telemedicine......Page 53
Computerized tools......Page 54
PACOTAPS......Page 55
Survey results......Page 56
Further reading......Page 57
References......Page 58
Opportunities in m-health for addressing global health problems......Page 60
Primary health care......Page 61
Case study summary......Page 65
Social......Page 67
Finance......Page 68
Conclusion......Page 69
References......Page 70
Need for a global policy......Page 72
Global health......Page 73
Relevance of global e-health......Page 74
Global e-health and developing countries......Page 75
Borders and boundaries......Page 76
Changing 'governance'......Page 77
The breadth of policy issues......Page 78
The African policy environment......Page 80
EU initiative......Page 81
Conclusion......Page 82
References......Page 83
Early work......Page 85
E-health applications in Asia......Page 86
Eastern and southern Africa......Page 90
Acacia project......Page 92
PANACeA project......Page 93
Future work......Page 94
References......Page 95
Role of national governments in promoting e-health......Page 96
Reasons for non-adoption of e-health......Page 97
Strategies at national level......Page 98
Role of international agencies......Page 99
Strategies at international level......Page 101
Conclusion......Page 102
References......Page 103
The HIV/AIDS TELEmedicine service......Page 108
Service usage......Page 109
Computer skills......Page 111
Consultations......Page 112
Twinning......Page 113
Other web-based collaboration and telemedicine systems......Page 114
Conclusions......Page 115
References......Page 116
Medical Missions for Children......Page 118
Programmes......Page 119
Case report......Page 121
MMC and the Children’s Hospital at Montefiore......Page 123
References......Page 124
Telemedicine in India......Page 126
SGPGIMS infrastructure......Page 127
Telementoring and tele-education at the SGPGIMS......Page 128
Telementoring and tele-education in other developing countries......Page 131
Problems concerning telementoring and tele-education in developing countries......Page 133
References......Page 134
Introduction......Page 138
The telederm.org application and networks......Page 139
iPath application and networks......Page 143
ITG telemedicine – the Institute of Tropical Medicine website......Page 144
Quality......Page 145
Integration and intercultural context......Page 146
Financial aspects......Page 148
Further reading......Page 149
References......Page 150
Introduction......Page 152
Telecommunications......Page 153
Telemedicine programme......Page 154
Site 1: Rovieng Health Centre......Page 155
Site 2: Rattanakiri Referral Hospital......Page 156
Clinical impact......Page 157
Human factors......Page 160
Economic factors......Page 162
Human factors......Page 163
Acknowledgements......Page 164
References......Page 165
Telepathology for the developing world......Page 166
Lack of accreditation......Page 167
Applications of telepathology......Page 168
Experience of telepathology in Mumbai......Page 169
Analysis of telecytology consultations......Page 170
Further reading......Page 171
References......Page 172
Early telemedicine work at Tripler Army Medical Center......Page 173
Pacific Island Healthcare Project......Page 174
Clinical procedure......Page 176
Results......Page 178
Pacific Asynchronous TeleHealth system......Page 181
Differences from the Pacific Island Healthcare Project......Page 182
Experience with PATH......Page 183
Challenges......Page 184
References......Page 185
Introduction......Page 187
Task environment......Page 189
Teleconsultation......Page 190
Assessment of training needs......Page 192
Production of learning content......Page 193
Customer satisfaction......Page 194
Insights......Page 196
References......Page 197
Development of the software......Page 199
Software for data transfer and security......Page 200
Pilot project......Page 201
Study......Page 202
Study findings......Page 203
Gender......Page 204
Exposure to rural areas......Page 205
Economic evaluation......Page 206
Future developments......Page 207
References......Page 208
Health concerns in Ecuador......Page 210
Intermittent surgical services......Page 211
Telemedicine to support surgery......Page 214
Experience in Ecuador......Page 217
References......Page 219
Web telemedicine......Page 220
Email telemedicine......Page 221
Start of the network, 1999......Page 222
Iraq and the Middle East......Page 223
The U21 consortium......Page 224
The future......Page 226
References......Page 228
Telemedicine past and present in China......Page 229
Telehealth programmes in China......Page 230
Telehealth programme of Shanghai Medical University......Page 232
Opportunities for telehealth in China......Page 234
Incomplete telehealth organizational structure and lack of human resources......Page 235
Lack of evaluation of telehealth programmes......Page 236
Further reading......Page 237
References......Page 238
Health provision......Page 239
Telemedicine governance......Page 240
Telemedicine background......Page 241
Telemedicine projects......Page 242
Tele-education......Page 245
Telemedicine training......Page 246
Conclusions......Page 247
References......Page 248
Burden of disease and population predictions......Page 249
Telemedicine as a solution?......Page 250
Obstacles to telemedicine......Page 251
Other obstacles......Page 252
Pan-African telemedicine initiatives......Page 253
International telemedicine initiatives......Page 254
Projects within countries......Page 255
Further reading......Page 257
References......Page 258
Introduction......Page 259
Telemedicine in northern Pakistan......Page 260
Project experience......Page 261
Experience with the service......Page 263
Connectivity......Page 265
Patient information software......Page 266
Conclusions......Page 267
References......Page 268
Introduction......Page 269
Acute stroke......Page 271
Neurophysiology......Page 272
Medical education......Page 273
Resource availability......Page 275
Legal questions......Page 276
References......Page 277
Introduction......Page 279
Remote decision support for the Children’s Field Hospital......Page 280
System architecture......Page 281
Telemedicine in the field hospital......Page 283
Clinical aspects of telemedicine support......Page 284
Monitoring during treatment and rehabilitation......Page 285
Discussion......Page 286
Future disaster telemedicine in Russia......Page 287
Further reading......Page 288
References......Page 289
Introduction......Page 290
Cancer in children......Page 292
Cancer information on the Internet......Page 294
St Jude Children’s Research Hospital......Page 296
SIOP......Page 297
Brazil......Page 298
Belarus......Page 299
Latin America......Page 300
Conclusion......Page 301
References......Page 302
Introduction......Page 304
Learning......Page 305
Web-based virtual learning environment......Page 306
Email-based teleconsultations......Page 307
Teleradiology link......Page 309
Opportunities and challenges......Page 310
Next steps......Page 311
Conclusion......Page 312
References......Page 313
ICT barriers......Page 316
Administrative......Page 317
Education......Page 318
Clinical......Page 319
A strategy for telemedicine......Page 321
Conclusion......Page 323
References......Page 324
Index......Page 326