Technologies for Smart Cities

Contents
Safety and Security in Global Navigation Satellite Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research/Design/Process Methods
		3.1 GNSS Messaging Protocols
		3.2 Doppler Effect and Special Relativity for Electromagnetic Waves
		3.3 Experimental Setup
		3.4 Detection Method
	4 Results, Analysis and Discussion
		4.1 Experiments and Results
		4.2 Simulation
		4.3 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Bibliography
Using a Functional Voxel Model to Simulate Swarm Motion of a Multi-agent System in a Confined Space
	1 Introduction
	2 Avoiding a Predator Attack
	3 Movement of an Agent in a Constrained Space
	4 Conclusion
	References
Modeling of Unsafe Areas for Swarm Autonomous Agents
	1 Introduction
	2 General Rules for Methods
	3 Stability Analysis of Algorithms
	4 Avoiding Attacks of Predators
	5 Simulation Results in Matlab
		5.1 Algorithms of Swarming Behavior
		5.2 Predator Avoidance Algorithm Based on Swarm Behavior
	6 Movement of Agents in a Confined Space
	7 Conclusion
	References
Guide to Governments for Successful Regional and Open MaaS Implementation
	1 Introduction
	2 Purpose and Objective
	3 MaaS Typologies: Considerations for Local and Regional Governments
	4 MaaS Building Blocks and Considerations: Setting the Stage
	5 MaaS Landscape: A Global Survey of Local and Regional Governments
	6 MaaS Lessons Learned
	7 MaaS Recommendations for Success
	8 Regional MaaS Implementation Best Practices
	9 Conclusion
	Appendix 1: MaaS Competitive Analysis
	References
Improving City Traffic Using Goal-Oriented Automotive Suspension Tuning with the Sub-Gramian Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Sub-Gramians
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Model Description and Methodology
		4.2 Numerical Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Mobility in 2050
	1 Lessons Learned from the Past
	2 Mobility of People in 2050
	3 Intermodal Mobility of People
	4 Intermodal Mobility of Goods
	5 Is This Science Fiction or Reality, that Is Becoming True?
	6 How Many Vehicles Will We Really Need in 2050?
	7 Autonomous Driving Electric Mobility (ADEM)
	8 How to Move from ICE to BEV with Battery Swap and Ultimately to ADEM Between Now and 2050?
	9 How Much Energy Will Be Needed to Power All These BEVs?
		9.1 More Than 1272 TWh by 2050, You Say?
	10 Next Steps
		10.1 Quick Look Backwards
		10.2 The Ambition Is to Evolve Towards 100% BEV by 2050!
		10.3 How to Close the Gap?
		10.4 The Evolution of the Fleet on Our Roads Within the Coming Decades
		10.5 B2C Vehicles, Also Called Passenger Cars
		10.6 B2B-1 Vehicles, Also Called Light Utility Vehicles (≤3.5 t)
		10.7 B2B-2 Vehicles, Also Called Heavy Utility Vehicles (>3.5 t)
		10.8 B2B-3 Vehicles, Also Called Busses and Touring Cars
	11 Which Are the Success Factors?
	12 Would You Buy an EV from Sony5?
	13 Conclusions
	References
Smart Transport as an Enhancement of the Urban Infrastructure
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Artificial Intelligence for Smart Transport
	2 Practical Methods of Problem Solving in Smart Transport Systems
		2.1 Forecasting Problem of the Traffic Flow
		2.2 Freight Scheduling Problem
	3 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Approximation of a Vehicle’s Fuel Consumption Using Smartphone Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Collection
		2.1 Data Accuracy and Fuel Consumption Algorithm
	3 Fuel Consumption Analysis
		3.1 Field Tests
		3.2 Results
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Passive and Active Suspension Systems Analysis and Design
	1 Introduction
	2 Passive Suspension System
	3 Active Suspension System
	4 Conclusions
	References
Architecture and Its Vulnerabilities in Smart-Lighting Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Security and Layers
		2.2 (Traditional) Offline Analysis Tools for Security and Safety
		2.3 Architecture Design and Patterns
	3 Method
	4 Identification
		4.1 Smart-Lighting Architecture Under Study
		4.2 Layer Mapping
	5 Classification
		5.1 Attack Validation
		5.2 Attack Tree and Vulnerabilities
		5.3 Reflection on Countermeasures
	6 Discussion and Conclusions
	References