Techniques and Assumptions in Jewish Exegesis before 70 CE (Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum)

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Foreword......Page 16
General Introduction......Page 17
Part I. Exegeses in Scribal Traditions......Page 24
I.1.1 Sources of the Scribal Tradition......Page 26
I.1.2 Texts, Translation and Notes......Page 27
I.1.3 Analysis of the Traditions......Page 28
I.1.4a - Peshat......Page 29
I.1.4c - Ultra-literal......Page 30
I.1.4d - Derash......Page 31
I.1.5b - Gezerah Shavah I......Page 32
I.1.5d - Heqesh......Page 33
I.1.5g - Extension......Page 34
I.1.5k - Wordplay......Page 35
I.1.5p - Pragmatism......Page 36
I.1.5u - Amalgamation......Page 37
I.2.1 Simeon the Just: The Nazarites......Page 38
I.2.3 Simeon b.Shetah & Judah b.Tabai: False witnesses......Page 40
I.2.5 Simeon b.Shetah: King Yannai's feast......Page 41
I.2.6 Simeon b.Shetah: King Yannai's trial......Page 44
I.2.8 Judah b.Durtai: Hagigah on Sabbath......Page 46
I.2.9 Shammai: The sender is guilty......Page 47
I.2.11 Shammai: Sue for peace for three days......Page 48
I.2.13 Hillel: "For three things..."......Page 50
I.2.14 Hillel: Itch within baldness......Page 51
I.2.15 Hillel: Prozbul......Page 52
I.2.16 Hillel: Corpse within water......Page 53
I.2.17 Hillel: Time to laugh, weep, scatter, gather......Page 54
I.2.18 Hillel: Passover on Sabbath......Page 56
I.2.19 Hillel: Feet lead to the Temple......Page 65
I.2.20 Hillel: "If we are here, who is here?"......Page 66
I.2.21 Hillel: A cry from afar......Page 67
I.2.23 Hillel: Disciple Yohanan b.Zakkai......Page 68
I.2.24 Hillel & Bar He He: Forgotten offerings......Page 69
I.2.25 Hillel & Bar He He: The righteous and wicked......Page 71
I.2.26 Ben Bag Bag: Second Tithe purchases......Page 72
I.2.27 Ben Bag Bag: Tamid examined 4 days......Page 73
I.2.29 Baba b.Buta: Imprisoned by Herod......Page 74
I.2.30 Gamaliel I: God jealous of inferiors......Page 78
I.2.31 Gamaliel I: Do not destroy altars......Page 79
I.2.32 Gamaliel I: Two Toroth......Page 80
I.2.33 Simeon b.Gamaliel I: A beautiful woman......Page 81
I.2.35 Hananiah the Priest: Peace is great......Page 82
I.2.36 Hananiah the Priest: Rewards of Torah......Page 83
I.2.37 Hananiah the Priest: Rulers cast off the yoke......Page 84
I.2.38 Eliezer b.Hananiah: Diverse Ephahs......Page 85
I.2.40 Judah b.Bathyra: Betrothed eat with priests......Page 86
I.2.41 Judah b.Bathyra: Undesignated gifts......Page 87
I.2.42 Judah b.Bathyra: Meal offering in left hand......Page 88
I.2.43 Judah b.Bathyra: Water libation......Page 89
I.2.44 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Do not destroy altars......Page 90
I.2.45 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Two Toroth......Page 91
I.2.47 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Temple door opened......Page 92
I.2.48 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Vespasian to be King......Page 94
I.2.49 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Murdering ox stoned......Page 95
I.2.50 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Total number of Levites......Page 97
I.2.51 Yohanan b.Zakkai: Valuing the half-shekels......Page 100
I.3.1 Eternal rewards......Page 103
I.3.2 Uncleanness of Scripture......Page 105
I.3.3 Unbroken stream......Page 108
I.3.4 Damage by slave or ox......Page 109
I.3.5 Name of God and ruler......Page 110
I.3.6 Inheriting granddaughter......Page 111
I.3.7 Saying the Name before bathing......Page 115
I.3.8 Atonement Incense......Page 116
I.3.10 Death of false witnesses......Page 119
I.3.11 Oral and written Torah......Page 121
I.3.12 Date of Feast of Weeks......Page 124
I.3.13 Eat meal offering with ox......Page 126
I.3.14 Payment for public offerings......Page 129
I.3.15 Skins for Tefillin......Page 130
I.4.1 Examine Phylacteries......Page 133
I.4.2 Using entrusted goods......Page 135
I.4.3 Between the evenings......Page 139
I.4.4 Work finished by Sabbath......Page 140
I.4.5 81st day abortion......Page 141
I.4.6 4th year grape gleanings......Page 145
I.4.7 Pilgrim offering on Festival (a)......Page 146
I.4.8 Guarded Sabbatical crop......Page 147
I.4.9 Fringes......Page 149
I.4.10 First fleece of a flock......Page 150
I.4.11 Reasons for a divorce......Page 151
I.4.12 Attitude for Shema......Page 153
I.4.13 Incorrect heave offerings......Page 154
I.4.14 Who goes up to Jerusalem......Page 155
I.4.15 Minimum number of children......Page 157
I.4.16 Half-bondservant......Page 158
I.4.17 Eternity for nearly righteous......Page 160
I.4.18 Tassels on linen coat......Page 161
I.4.19 Blessing for lights......Page 162
I.4.20 Honour Sabbath every day......Page 164
I.4.21 Pilgrim offering on Festival (b)......Page 165
I.4.22 The order of creation......Page 167
I.4.23 Complimenting the bride......Page 169
I.4.24 Offering from harlots' wages......Page 170
I.4.25 "Dust" to cover blood......Page 171
I.4.26 "Lamb" as sin......Page 172
I.5.1 Frequencies of Modes and Techniques used......Page 174
I.5.2 Comparison between different groups......Page 175
I.5.3 Conclusion: a homogeneous corpus of exegeses......Page 176
I.6.1 The Nomological approach to Scripture......Page 178
I.6.2.1 - Scripture is totally self-consistent......Page 180
I.6.2.2 - Every detail in Scripture is significant......Page 181
I.6.2.3 - Scripture is read according to its context......Page 182
I.6.2.4 - Scripture does not have a secondary meaning......Page 184
I.6.2.5 - There is only one valid text form of Scripture......Page 185
I.6.3 Conclusions: Scribal exegesis is Nomological......Page 186
I.7.2 Multiple interpretations of single texts......Page 187
I.7.3 Exegesis based on variant or altered readings......Page 188
Part II: Exegesis in Non-Scribal Traditions......Page 190
II.1 Introduction to Non-Scribal Exegesis......Page 192
II.2.2 Targumim......Page 193
II.2.3 Septuagint and Old Greek......Page 195
II.3 Exegesis of the Dorshe Reshumot and Dorshe Hamurot. . .......Page 196
II.4.1 Sources of his traditions......Page 198
II.4.2 Influence of his background......Page 199
II.4.4 Techniques of Exegesis......Page 200
II.4.4c - Typology......Page 201
II.5.1 Dating the documents......Page 202
II.5.2a - Brownlee's 13 'principles'......Page 204
II.5.2b - An example......Page 205
II.5.3a - Apocalyptic dream interpretations......Page 207
II.5.3b - Targumim......Page 208
II.5.3c - Philo......Page 209
II.5.3d - Scribes......Page 210
II.5.4a - Scripture requires inspired exegesis......Page 211
II.5.4b - Scripture has no single valid text form......Page 212
II.6.1 Techniques of exegesis......Page 213
II.6.1a - Siegfried's 23 'Rules'......Page 214
II.6.1c - An example......Page 215
II.6.2 Origins of the exegetical techniques......Page 216
II.6.2a.ii - Did Philo know Palestinian Halakah?......Page 217
II.6.2a.iii - Did Philo know Palestinian Haggadah?......Page 218
II.6.2b - Hellenistic influence......Page 219
II.6.2c.iii - Allegorists and literalists......Page 220
II.6.2c.iv - Etymological source......Page 222
II.6.3a - Scripture requires inspired exegesis......Page 223
II.6.3b - The Septuagint is a valid form of Scripture......Page 224
II.6.4 Conclusions: Philonic exegesis is Inspirational......Page 225
II.7.1 The Inspirational approach has five assvunptions:......Page 227
II.7.1.4 Scripture has secondary meanings......Page 228
II.7.2 Dorshe Reshumot / Hamurot and Josephus......Page 229
II.8 Comparison of Non-scribal with Scribal Exegesis......Page 230
II.8.1.2 - They were ignorant of non-scribal techniques?......Page 231
II.8.1.2b - They knew about prophetic inspiration......Page 232
II.8.2 Non-scribes also knew about Nomological exegesis . . . .......Page 234
II.8.4 Typology at the interface of both approaches......Page 235
II.8.5 Conclusions: Co-existed before 70 CE......Page 236
III.1 Summary of this study......Page 237
III.2 Points of contact with previous studies......Page 238
III.3 Implications of this study......Page 239
III.4 Final conclusion......Page 240
Ap.1.1 7 Middoth of Hillel......Page 241
Ap.1.2 13 Middoth of Ishmael......Page 242
Ap.1.3 32 Middoth of Eliezer bJose haGelili......Page 243
Appendix 2: Summary of Scribal Exegeses......Page 247
Bib.2 Abbreviations......Page 257
- Texts and Translations......Page 263
- Other works referred to......Page 267
Index of Subjects......Page 295
Index of Modern Authors......Page 303
Index of References......Page 306