Tears in the Graeco-Roman World

Cover......Page 1
Tears in the Graeco-Roman World......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Thorsten Fögen: Tears and Crying in Graeco-Roman Antiquity: An Introduction......Page 8
1. Classical Studies on Tears and Crying......Page 13
2. Further Studies on Tears and Crying......Page 18
3. Classical Studies on Laughter......Page 21
Sabine Föllinger: Tears and Crying in Archaic Greek Poetry (especially Homer)......Page 24
Bibliography......Page 42
Douglas L. Cairns: Weeping and Veiling: Grief, Display and Concealment in Ancient Greek Culture......Page 44
Bibliography......Page 62
1. Introduction......Page 66
2. Tears: Occurrences, Causes, Reactions, Gender Distribution......Page 69
3. The Gendering of Tears......Page 76
4. Characterization by Tears......Page 78
5. Conclusions......Page 87
Bibliography......Page 89
Roland Baumgarten: Dangerous Tears? Platonic Provocations and Aristotelic Answers......Page 92
Bibliography......Page 110
1. Introduction......Page 112
2. Historians......Page 116
2.1.1 Herodotus......Page 117
2.1.2 Thucydides......Page 121
2.2 Fourth-Century Historians' Tears......Page 122
2.3 Fifth- and Fourth-Century Orators' Tears......Page 125
2.4 Tears in the Alexander and Diadoch Historians......Page 127
2.5 Third- and Second-Century Hellenistic Historians' Tears......Page 129
3. Conclusions......Page 133
4. Appendix: Tears in Plutarch's Lives......Page 135
Bibliography......Page 139
2. Mourning for the Deceased......Page 142
3. The Dangerous Voices of Mourning Women......Page 146
4. Feminine Mourning Rituals and the Call for Revenge......Page 151
5. The Power of Women's Tears in Legends of the Origin of Rome......Page 156
6. Mourning and Tears during the Ritual of Women's supplicationes......Page 159
7. Matron's Mourning for Statesmen and Members of the Imperial Family......Page 163
8. Conclusion......Page 164
Bibliography......Page 165
1. Introduction......Page 168
2. Tears and the Atomic Nature of Human Physiology......Page 169
3.1 Tears Caused by Grief or Fear......Page 171
3.2 Tears Caused by Erotic Love......Page 177
4. Tears in the Service of Truth......Page 179
5. Conclusion: The Master of Conventions......Page 181
Bibliography......Page 183
1. Introduction: Roman Love Elegy......Page 186
2. Propertius......Page 189
3.1 Ovid's Amores......Page 195
3.2 Ovid's Ars amatoria and Remedia amoris......Page 203
4. Two Examples from Greek Epistolography: Alciphron and Aristaenetus......Page 205
4.1 Alciphron: Epistles 4.8 and 4.9......Page 206
4.2 Aristaenetus: Epistle 2.13......Page 209
5. Conclusions......Page 211
Bibliography......Page 212
1. Introduction......Page 216
2. Livy......Page 217
3. Tacitus......Page 229
4. Ammianus Marcellinus......Page 237
5. Conclusion......Page 240
Bibliography......Page 241
1. Introduction......Page 242
2. Mourning without Grief......Page 245
3.1 “A Necessity of Nature”......Page 247
3.2 Eupathic Tears?......Page 251
4. An Epicurean Expedient......Page 255
Bibliography......Page 258
1. In Place of an Introduction: Tears Shed for Thecla......Page 260
2. The Amphitheatre as Space of Political and Symbolical Communication......Page 262
3. From Death to Sensation: Statius' Tame Lion in the Discussion of Recent Research......Page 266
4. Amphitheatrical Spectacles as Imperial Marvels......Page 272
5. A Question of Presentation: From Failure to Panegyrics of Weeping......Page 276
Bibliography......Page 281
Donald Lateiner: Tears in Apuleius' Metamorphoses......Page 284
Bibliography......Page 300
1. Introduction......Page 304
2. The Theology of the Weeping Statue......Page 305
3. The Prodigy Process at Rome......Page 307
4. The Sources......Page 308
5. Real Gods Don't Cry......Page 312
6. Conclusion......Page 314
Bibliography......Page 316
David Konstan: Meleager's Sweet Tears: Observations on Weeping and Pleasure......Page 318
Bibliography......Page 340
1. Introduction......Page 342
2. The Socio-Cultural Background......Page 344
3. Plutarch's Consolatio ad uxorem......Page 353
4. Mourning Behaviour in Other Writings by Plutarch and in the Consolatio ad uxorem......Page 358
Bibliography......Page 368
1. Introduction......Page 374
2. Origen......Page 375
3. Gregory of Nyssa......Page 387
4. Conclusion......Page 400
Bibliography......Page 401
1. Introduction......Page 404
2. Peleus' Tears and Fortune's Laughter......Page 409
3. “The Luxury of Grief”......Page 412
4. Tears of Supplication, Tears of Thanksgiving......Page 415
5. Conclusion......Page 421
Bibliography......Page 423
1. Why Do We Cry?......Page 426
2. What is Crying?......Page 429
3. The Frequency of Crying......Page 431
4.1 Darwin and Modern Emotion Research......Page 433
4.2 Darwin and Crying......Page 435
4.3 Cry and Feel Better! Or Perhaps Not?......Page 437
4.4 Crying as Communication and Interaction......Page 438
4.5 Integrative Models......Page 439
5. Conclusion......Page 441
Bibliography......Page 442
1. Introduction......Page 446
2. Scientific Conceptions......Page 448
3. The Nature of Crying......Page 451
4. Crying as a Uniquely Human Behaviour......Page 453
5. Crying in Infants......Page 454
6. The Development of Crying in Children......Page 455
7. Gender Differences in Adult Crying......Page 457
8. A Model of Adult Crying......Page 459
9. Antecedents of Crying......Page 462
10. Positive Emotion as an Antecedent of Crying......Page 463
11. The Context and Social Setting of Crying......Page 464
12.1 The Inter-Individual Effects of Crying......Page 467
12.2 The Intra-Individual Effects of Crying......Page 469
13. Crying and Physical Health......Page 472
14. Crying and Psychological Health......Page 473
15. Conclusion......Page 475
Bibliography......Page 476
Index locorum......Page 484