Teachers, Schools, and Society: A Brief Introduction to Education

Title
Contents
Part 1 TEACHERS AND STUDENTS
	1 The Teaching Profession and You
		Do Teachers Like Teaching?
		Professionalism at the Crossroads
		From Normal Schools to Board-Certifi ed Teachers
		How Teachers Are Prepared Today
		Views of Teacher Education
		On Urban Legends about Teaching
		Educational Organizations
		The NEA and the AFT
		Professional Associations and Resources
		American Schools: Better Than We Think?
			Summary
			Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
	2 Different Ways of Learning
		Different Ways of Learning
		Is Gender a Learning Style?
		Generalizations and Stereotypes about Gender Learning
		Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Students (GLBT)
		What Does the Gender Debate Teach Us?
		Multiple Intelligences
		Instructional Technology
		Assessment
		Emotional Intelligence
		Exceptional Learners
		The Gifted and Talented
		Special Education
		Assistive Technology
			Summary
			Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
	3 Teaching Your Diverse Students
		Student Diversity
		Failing at Fairness
		Putting a Price on Racism
		Theories of Why Some Groups Succeed and Others Do Not
		The Melting Pot Has Melted
		Bilingual Education
		Bilingual Education Models
		The Bilingual Controversy
		Research on Bilingual Education
		Multicultural Education
		The Multiculturalism Debate
		Approaches to Multicultural Education
		Culturally Responsive Teaching
		Stereotypes
		Stereotype Threat
		Generalizations
		Today’s Classroom
		Meet Your Seventh-Grade Class
		Diversity Assets
		Teaching Skills
		We Are One
			Summary
			Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
	4 Student Life in School and at Home
		Rules, Rituals, and Routines
		“Come Right Up and Get Your New Books”: A Teacher’s Perspective
		“Come Right Up and Get Your New Books”: A Student’s Perspective
		Delay and Social Distraction
		Watching the Clock
		The Teacher as Gatekeeper
		The Other Side of the Tracks
		The Power of Elementary Peer Groups
		Guest Column: Haunted by Racist Attitudes
		The Adolescent Society
		Middle School: A Gendered World
		High School: Lessons in Social Status
		Social Challenges Come to School
		Family Patterns
		Wage Earners and Parenting
		Latchkey Kids
		Divorce
		America’s New Families
		Poverty
		Hidden America: Homeless Families Children: At Promise or At Risk?
		Dropping Out
		Sexuality and Teenage Pregnancy
		Substance Abuse: Drinking, Drugs, and Smoking
		Obesity and Eating Disorders
		Youth Suicide
		Bullying
		The Affective Side of School Reform
			Summary
			Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
Part 2 FOUNDATIONS
	5 The Multicultural History of American Education
		Christopher Lamb’s Colonial Classroom
		Colonial New England Education: God’s Classrooms
		A New Nation Shapes Education
		The Common School Movement
		Native American Tribes: The History of Miseducation
		Spinsters, Bachelors, and Gender Barriers in Teaching
		The Secondary School Movement
		School Reform Efforts
		John Dewey and Progressive Education
		The Federal Government
		Black Americans: The Struggle for a Chance to Learn
		Hispanics: Growing School Impact
		Mexican Americans
		Puerto Ricans
		Cuban Americans
		Asian Americans and Pacifi c Islanders: The Magnitude of Diversity
		Chinese Americans
		Filipino Americans
		Asian Indian Americans
		Japanese Americans
		Southeast Asian Americans
		Arab Americans: Moving Beyond the Stereotype
		Women and Education: A History of Sexism
		Hall of Fame: Profi les in Education
			Summary
			Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
	6 Philosophy of Education
		Finding Your Philosophy of Education
		Inventory of Philosophies of Education
		Interpreting Your Responses
		Five Philosophies of Education
		Teacher-Centered Philosophies
		Essentialism
		Perennialism
		Student-Centered Philosophies
		Progressivism
		Social Reconstructionism Existentialism
		Can Teachers Blend These Five Philosophies?
		Psychological Infl uences on Education
		Constructivism
		Behaviorism
		Cultural Infl uences on Education
		The Three Legendary Figures of Classical Western Philosophy
		Basic Philosophical Issues and Concepts
		Metaphysics and Epistemology
		Ethics, Political Philosophy, and Aesthetics
		Logic
		Your Turn
			Summary
			Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
	7 Financing and Governing America’s Schools
		Follow the Money: Financing America’s Schools
		Why Should Teachers Care Where the Money Comes from?
		The Property Tax: The Road to Unequal Schools
		Reforming Education Finance
		Robin Hood’s New Arrow: Adequacy
		Does Money Matter?
		States Finding the Money
		The Federal Government’s Role in Financing Education
		What the Future May Hold for School Finance
		Accountability
		Choice Programs
		The Economy’s Impact on School Budgets
		Local Fundraising
		Decaying Infrastructure
		Governing America’s Schools
		School Governance Quiz
		The Legal Control of Schools
		State Infl uence Grows as School Boards Come under Fire
		The School Superintendent and Principal
		Covert Power in Schools
		Business and Schools
		Making Schools More Responsive
			Summary
			Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
	8 School Law and Ethics
		Classroom Law
		What Is Your Rights Quotient?
		I. Teachers’ Rights and Responsibilities
		II. Students’ Rights and Responsibilities
		Teaching and Ethics
		Protecting Your Students
		Moral Education: Programs That Teach Right from Wrong
		Classrooms That Explore Ethical Issues
			Summary
			Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
Part 3 SCHOOLS AND CLASSROOMS
	9 Schools: Choices and Challenges
		A Meeting Here Tonight
		The Purposes of School
		Purpose 1: To Transmit Society’s Knowledge and Values (Passing the Cultural Baton)
		Purpose 2: Reconstructing Society (Schools as Tools for Change)
		Public Demands for Schools
		Where Do You Stand?
		Education Reform
		Beyond the Neighborhood Public School
		The Choice Concept
		Magnet Schools
		Open Enrollment
		Vouchers
		Charter Schools
		Schools.com
		EMOs (Educational Maintenance Organizations): Schools for Profi t
		Brand Name Education: Should Schools Be “Open” for Business?
		Home Schools, Home Teachers
		What Makes a School Effective?
		Factor 1: Strong Leadership
		Factor 2: A Clear School Mission
		Factor 3: A Safe and Orderly Climate
		Factor 4: Monitoring Student Progress
		Factor 5: High Expectations
		A Note of Caution on Effective Schools Research
		Beyond Five Factors
			Summary
			Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
	10 Curriculum, Standards, and Testing
		The Faculty Room
		The Visible Curriculum
		The Two Rs in the Seventeenth Century
		Eighteenth Century: Focus on Building a New Nation
		A Secularized Curriculum for Students in the Nineteenth Century
		Progressive Education in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
		Sputnik in Space and a More Demanding Curriculum, 1950s–1960s
		Social Concern and Relevance, 1960s–1970s
		Back to Basics, Standards and Testing, 1980s–Today
		The Invisible Curriculum
		The Extracurriculum
		Who and What Shape the Curriculum?
		Teachers
		Parental and Community Groups
		Students
		Administrators
		State Government
		Local Government
		Colleges and Universities
		Standardized Tests
		Education Commissions and Committees
		Professional Organizations
		Special Interest Groups
		Publishers
		Federal Government
		The Technology Revolution
		Ways Computers Are Used in the Classroom
		The Digital Divide
		The Reign of the Textbook
		The Standards Movement
		No Child Left Behind: Tests and Protests
		Test Problems: Seven Reasons Why Standardized Tests Are Not Working
		Alternates to High-Stakes Testing
		Tension Points
		Intelligent Design versus Evolution
		Censorship and the Curriculum
		Cultural Literacy or Cultural Imperialism?
		The Saber-Tooth Curriculum
		New Directions for the Curriculum
		Enduring Lessons: A Modest Proposal
			Summary Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
	11 Becoming an Effective Teacher
		Are Teachers Born, or Made?
		Academic Learning Time
		Classroom Management
		The Pedagogical Cycle
		Clarity and Academic Structure
		Questioning
		Student Response
		Reaction or Productive Feedback
		Variety in Process and Content
		Models for Effective Instruction
		Direct Teaching
		Cooperative Learning
		Mastery Learning
		Problem-Based Learning
		Technology as a Tool for Effective Teaching
		It’s the Teaching, Not the Technology
		Problem-Based Learning
		Cooperative Learning and Scaffolding
		Mastery Learning
		Classroom Interactions and Teacher Feedback
		Direct Teaching
		Effective and Refl ective Teaching
		Stages of Teacher Development
			Summary
			Key Terms and People
			Discussion Questions and Activities
			The Teachers, Schools, and Society Reader
Appendices TEXT APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Refl ective Activities and Your Portfolio (RAPs)
Appendix 2: Teacher Competency Exams and Praxis Sample Test Questions
Glossary
Notes
Credits
Index