Teacher in Emerging Indian Society

Cover
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Meaning, Scope and Nature of Philosophy
	Meaning of Philosophy
	Definitions of Philosophy
	Nature or Origin of Philosophy
	Scope of Philosophy
	Brief Chronology of Western Philosophical Thoughts
		Early Ancient Period
		Post Ancient Period
		Mediaeval Period
		Modern Period
	Indian Philosophy an Introduction
	Sources of Indian Philosophy
	Sakshat Darshan (Vedic Philosophies)
		Vedanta
		Mimamsa
		Samkhya
		Yoga
		Nyaya
		Vaisheshika
	Heterodox or Non-vedic Philosophies
		Buddhism
			Vinaya Pitaka (Basket of Discipline)
			Four Noble Truths of Buddha
			Historical Background of the Philosophy
			Basic Philosophies of Buddhism
			Three Buddhist Sects
		Jainism
		Charvak Darshan
Chapter 2: Meaning, Scope and Functions of Education
	Introduction
	Meaning of Education
	Definitions of Education
		Education as a Modification of Behaviour
		Education as a Process of Personality Development
		Education as a Process of Drawing Out the Innate Powers
		Education as a Process of Adjustment to Environment and Society
	Characteristics of Education
	Functions of Education
		General or Individual Functions of Education
		Social and Civic Functions
	Various forms of Education
		Formal, Informal and Non-formal Education
		General and Specific Education
		Technical or Professional Education
		Individual and Collective Education
		Direct and Indirect Education
	Scope of Education
		Scope of Education as a Subject
		Education as a Process of Life
Chapter 3: Philosophy and Education
	Inter-relationship of Philosophy and Education
	Philosophy and Various Dimensions of Education
		Philosophy and Educational Values
		Philosophy and Science
		Philosophy and Aims of Education
			Ancient Period
			Medieval Period
			Modern Period
		Philosophy and Curriculum
		Philosophy and Methods of Teaching
		Philosophy and Educational Administration
		Philosophy and School Discipline
	Philosophy and Evaluation System
	Specific Branches of Philosophy and its Relationship with Education
Chapter 4: Western Philosophers and Education
	Socrates (469–399 BCE)
		Life Sketch of Socrates
		Philosophical Thoughts of Socrates
			Dialectic Method
			Theory of Knowledge of Socrates
			Theory of Concepts of Socrates
			Philosophy of Virtue of Socrates
			Principles of Wisdom of Socrates
			Philosophy of Death of Socrates
		Education Thoughts of Socrates
	Plato (427–347 BCE)
		Life Sketch of Plato
		Philosophical Thoughts of Plato
			Belief About Knowledge of Plato
			Beliefs About Body and Soul of Plato
			Moral Ideals of Plato
		Educational Thoughts of Plato
		Programme of Education of Plato
		Curriculum of Plato
		Aims of Education of Plato
		Criticism of Plato
	John Amos Comenius (1592–1670)
		Belief About Knowledge of Comenius
		Aims of Education of Comenius
		Method of Teaching of Comenius
		Views on Curriculum of Comenius
		Ideas on Educational System in Schools of Comenius
		Programme of Education of Comenius
		Criticism of Comenius
	Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712–78)
		Life Sketch of Rousseau
		Philosophical Thoughts of Rousseau
			Naturalism of Rousseau
			Negative Education of Rousseau
		Educational Thoughts of Rousseau
			Aims of Education of Rousseau
			Self-education of Rousseau
			Programme of Education (Curriculum) of Rousseau
			Principles of Education (Method of Teaching) of Rousseau
		Discipline of Rousseau
		Influence of Rousseau
	John Henrick Pestalozzi (1746–1827) and Psychological Tendency in Education
		Meaning of Psychological Tendency
		Life Sketch of Pestalozzi
		Philosophical and Educational Thoughts
	Fredrick William a. Froebel (1782–1853)
		Life Sketch of Froebel
		Philosophical Thoughts
		Educational Thoughts
		Kinder Garten
		Merits of Kinder Garten
		Demerits of Kinder Garten System
	Herbert Spencer (1320–1903)
		Scientific Tendency in Education
		Meaning of Scientific Tendency
		Life Sketch of Spencer
		Philosophical/Educational Thoughts
	John Dewey (1859–1952)
		Life Sketch of Dewey
		Philosophical Thoughts of John Dewey
		Educational Thoughts of John Dewey
		Impact of Dewey’s Ideas on Modern Education
		Criticism of John Dewey
	Sir T. Percy Nunn (1870–1944)
		Philosophical Thoughts of T. PERCY NUNN
		Educational Thoughts of T. PERCY NUNN
	Bertrand Russell (1872–1970)
		Life History of Bertrand Russell
		Philosophical Thoughts of Bertrand Russell
		Educational Thoughts of Bertrand Russell
Chapter 5: Western Philosophies and Education
	Idealism
		Meaning
		Chief Contributors
		Various Forms of Idealism
		Characteristics and Principles of Idealism
		Educational Implications of Idealism
			Aims of Education
			Curriculum
			Method of Teaching
			Status of the Child
			Status of the Teacher
			Discipline
			Education and Society
			Merits (Influence) of Idealism
		Criticism of Idealism
	Naturalism
		Various Forms of Naturalism
		Chief Contributors of Naturalism
			Principles and Characteristics of Naturalism
		Educational Implications of Naturalism
			Principles of Education
			Aims of Education
			Curriculum
			Status of the Child
			Status of the Teacher
			Methods of Teaching
			Discipline
		Influence of Naturalism
		Criticism of Naturalism
	Realism
		Historical Background
		Meaning of Realism
		Definitions of Realism
		Forms of Realism
			Humanistic Realism
			Social Realism
			Sense Realism
			Neo Realism
		Principles and Characteristics of Realism
		Educational Implications of Realism
			Nature and Characteristics of Education
			Aims of Education
			Curriculum
			Method of Teaching
			Role of the Teacher
			Discipline
		Merits of Realism (Influence)
		Criticism of Realism (Evaluation)
	Humanism
		Meaning
		Forms of Humanism
		Rational Humanism
		Buddhist Humanism
		Basic Principles of Humanism
		Ethics of Humanism
		Democratic Ideals of Humanism
		Educational Implications of Humanism
		Meaning of Education
		Aims of Education
		Educational Administration
		Curriculum
		Method of Teaching
		Discipline
	Pragmatism
		History in Brief
		Meaning
		Forms of Pragmatism
		Principles of Pragmatism
		Difference Between Pragmatism and Naturalism
		Educational Implications of Pragmatism
		Meaning of Education
		Characteristics of Education
		Aims of Education
		Curriculum
		Methods of Teaching
		Discipline
		Merits of Pragmatism (Influence)
		Criticism of Pragmatism (Evaluation)
	Reconstructionism
		Sources of the Philosophy and Its bases
		Fundamental Postulates
		Belief About Reality
		Cultural Determinants of Human Experiences
		History as Reality
		Belief About Knowledge
		Belief About Values
		Educational Implications of Reconstructionism
		Aims of Education
		Curriculum
		Elementary Stage
		Secondary Stage
		Methods of Teaching
		Merits (Influence)
		Criticism
	Existentialism
		Postulates
		Chief Exponents
		Soren Klerkegeard
		Karl Jaspers
		Martin Heidegger
		Educational Implications
		Meaning of Education
		Aims of Education
		Curriculum
		Methods of Teaching
		Discipline
		Religious Education
		Merits (Influence)
		Criticism
	Marxism
		Karl Marx (1818–83)
		Lenin-Nikoli (1870–1924)
		Nature of Scksio: Political System Based on Communism
		Fundamental Beliefs of Marxism
		Educational Implications
		Meaning of Education
		Aims of Education
		Curriculum Construction and Stages of Learning
		Methods of Teaching
		Discipline
		Merits (Influence)
		Criticism
	Democracy
		Meaning
		Definitions
		Explanations
		Forms of Democracy
		Political Democracy
		Economic Democracy
		Social Democracy
		Principles of Democracy
		Democratic Values in the Context of Truth, Beauty and Goodness
		Educational Implementation
		Principles of Democratic Education
		Aims of Education
		Curriculum
		Methods of Teaching
		Discipline
		Merits (Influence)
	Fundamentalism
		Meaning
		Forms of Fundamentalism
		Principles of Fundamentalism
		Educational Implications
		Aims of Education
		Curriculum
		Methods of Teaching
		Discipline
		Dangers
Chapter 6: Aims of Education
	Meaning
	Need for Determining Educational Aims
	Formulating Bases of Educational Aims
	Classifications of the Aims of Education
	Individual Aims
		Meaning
		Arguments in Favour of These Aims
		Opposition of Individual Aims of Education
	Social Aims
		Meaning
		Arguments in Favour of Social Aims of Education
		Interdependence of Individuals
		Opposition of Social Aims of Education
		Synthesizing Individual and Social Aims of Education
	Vocational 0r Bread and Butter Aims
		Arguments in Favour of Vocational Aims
		Opposition of Vocational Aims of Education
	National Aims
		Arguments in Favour of National Aims
		Opposition of National Aims
Chapter 7: Indian Philosophers and Education
	Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948)
		Life Sketch
		Philosophical Thoughts
		Socialism
		Non-violence
		Ethics
		Religion
		Political Ideas
		Concept of Truth
		Means and Ends
		Satyagraha
		Educational Thoughts
		Principles of Education
		Meaning of Education
		Aims of Education
		Curriculum
		Methods of Teaching
		Influence of Gandhiji’s Philosophy and Scheme of Education
		Criticism
	Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941)
		Life Sketch
		Philosophical Thoughts
		Educational Thoughts
		Principles of Education
		Meaning of Education
		Aims of Education
		Curriculum
		Methods of Teaching
		Discipline
		Comparison Between Rabindranath Tagore and Gandhi ji
	Aurobindo Ghosh (1872–1950)
		Life Sketch
		Philosophical Ideas
		Educational Ideas
		Meaning of Education
		Aims of Education
		Curriculum
		Method of Teaching
		Discipline
	Swami Vivekanand (1863–1902)
		Life Sketch
		Philosophical Thoughts
		Educational Thoughts
		Meaning of Education
		Aims of Education
		Curriculum
		Methods of Teaching
		Discipline
	Humanism of Aurobindo and Vivekanand—a Comparative Study
		Similarities
		Differences
Chapter 8: Agencies of Education
	Some Important Agencies of Education
		School (An Active and Formal Agency)
		Meaning
		Definitions of School
		Characteristics of Schools
	Need and Importance of the School
	Functions of Schools
		Formal Functions
		Informal Functions
	Indian Schooling System: a Critical Appraisal
		Suggestions for Reform
	Family (an Active but Informal Agency)
		Meaning
		Definitions
		Characteristics of a Family
		Types of Families
		Causes of Disintegration of Joint Families
		Merits of Joint Families
		Effects of Disintegration of Joint Families
		Family and Education
		Functions of the Family
		How to Make the Family an Effective Agency of Education
	Community (an Active but Informal Agency)
		Meaning
		Definitions
		Characteristic/Features of a Community
		Types of Community Experiences
		Community and Education
		Merits (Significance) of Community Role
		Negative Role of the Community as an Agency of Education
		How to Make Community an Effective Agency of Education
	Church or Religion (an Active and Informal Agency of Education)
		Meaning
		Definitions
		Characteristics and Importance of Religion
		Religion and Education
		Two Aspects of Religion
		Arguments for the Motion
		Arguments Against the Move
		Suggestions to Overcome the Difficulties
	State (an Active and Non-formal Agency of Education)
		Meaning
		Types of State
		State and Education
		Arguments in Favour of State Control Over Education
		Arguments Against the State Control of Education
		Educational Functions of State
		Negative Role of the State
Chapter 9: Education and Constitutional Provisions
	Fundamental Rights Article 14 (Right to Equality in General)
		Article 15 (1) (Right to Equality in Particular)
		Article 15 (3)
		Article 16 (Equality of Opportunities in Matters Relating to Public Employment)
		Article 19 (1) (Right to Freedom)
		Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty)
		Article 24 (Prohibition of Employment of Children)
		Article 25 (Freedom of Conscience and Profession, Practice and Propagation of Religion)
		Article 26 (Right to Religious Denomination)
		Article 28 (Attendances at Religious Worships in Educational Institutions)
		Article 29 (1) (Minority Right to Conserve Language, Script or Culture)
		Article 29 (2) (Right Against Discrimination in Matters of Admission in Educational Institutions)
		Article 30 (1) (Right of Minorities to Establish and Administer Educational Institutions)
		Article 30 (2) (Right Against Discrimination in Matters of Granting Aids to Educational Institutions)
	Directive Principles of State Policy
		Article 41 (Right to Work, Education Public Assistance in Certain Cases)
		42nd Amendment of the Constitution (1976) and Education
		Article 45 of the Indian Constitution and Objectives of Primary Education
Chapter 10: Education and Sociology
	Introduction
	Subject–matter of Sociology
	Educational Sociology
		Definitions of Educational Sociology
		Aims and Importance of Educational Sociology
		Scope of Educational Sociology
Chapter 11: Education and Society
	Meaning of Society
	Need and Importance of the Society
	Relationship Between Society and Education
	Duties and Functions of the Society Towards Education
	Impact of Education on Society
	Indian Society and its Characteristics
		A Stratified Society
		A Closed Society
		A Static Society
		A Corrupt Society
	Education: the only Hope
Chapter 12: Education and Culture
	Meaning of Culture
	Definitions of Culture
	Characteristics of Culture
	Types of Culture
	Levels of Culture
	Cultural Lag
	Cultural System
	Acculturation
	Relationship Between Education and Culture
		Influence of Culture on Education
		Functions of Education Towards Culture
Chapter 13: Education and Socialization of Child
	Meaning of Socialization
	Definitions of Socialization
	Characteristics and Importance of Socialization
	Motivating Factors Involved in Socialization
	Agencies of Socialization
	Factors Resisting Socialization
	Role of the Teacher in Socialization
	Difference Between Socialization and Acculturation
Chapter 14: Education and Social Change
	Meaning of Social Change
	Causes of Social Change
	Various Definitions and Concepts of Social Change
	How Changes Occur?
	Causes of Resistance to Social Change
	Relationship of Education and Social Change
		Education Prepares the Ground for Social Changes
		Education Makes the Resistance to Social Changes Passive and Dor mant
		Education Evaluates the Social Change and Removes its Undesirable Elements
		Social Changes Determine the Nature and Functions of Education
	Schools and Social Changes
Chapter 15: Education and Social Mobility
	Meaning of Social Mobility
	Types of Social Mobility
	Dimensions of Social Mobility
	Factors Affecting Social Mobility
	Relationship Between Education and Social Mobility
Chapter 16: Education and Economic Development
	Relationship Between Education and Economics
	Meaning of Economic Development
	Education and Economic Development
		Economic Problems Related to Agriculture
		Problems of Industrial Sector
		Problems Related to Trade
		Problems of Service Sector
	Role of Education in Solving Problems
Chapter 17: Education and National Integration
	Meaning of Nationalism
	Demerits of Extreme form of Nationalism
	Merits of Genuine form of Nationalism
	Meaning of National Integration
	Problem of National Integration
	Important Sources of National Disintegration
	Educational Measures to Ensure National Integration
	National Integration Committee
	Other Measures to Ensure National Integration
Chapter 18: Education and Emotional Integration
	Meaning of Emotional Integration
	Need for Emotional Integration
	Role of Education in Emotional Integration
	Reconstruction of the Curriculum
	Organization of Co-curricular Activities
	Preparation of Text Books
	Language
	Other Suggestions
Chapter 19: Education and Emerging Trends of Indian Society
	Values in Education
		Meaning of Values
		Meaning of Educational Values
		Types of Educational Values
		Matching of Values with Aims of Education
		Values and Modern Trend
	Privatization in Education
		Current Position of Private Institutions
		Suggestions to Make Privatization Successful
	Secularism in Education
		Meaning of Secularism
		Salient Features of Secularism
		Characteristics of Secular Education
		Aims of Secular Education
		Barriers of Secular Education in India
	Internationalism in Education
		Meaning of Internationalism or International Understanding
		Definitions
		Need and Importance
		Principles of Internationalism
		UNESCO and International Understanding
		Preamble of UNESCO
		Aims of UNESCO
		Functions of UNESCO
		Role of Education in International Understanding
	Philosophy of Celebration of Indian Festivals
Chapter 20: Education Youth and New Social Order
	New Social Order
	Democracy and New Social Order
	Social Education (Adult Education) in the New Social Order
	Paris Declaration 1985
		Meaning
		Scope of Social or Adult Education
	National Adult Education Programme (NAEP)
		Evaluation of NAEP
		NAEP and Five Year Plans
		Motivation of Adult Learners
		Special Rehabilitation Programmes
	National Policy of Education (NPE) 1986
		NPE and Education for Women’s Equality
	National Cadet Corps (NCC) Objectives
		Organization
		Training Programme
		NCC and National Integration
	National Service Scheme (NSS)
		Extension and Activities of NSS