Teach Yourself Electricity and Electronics

Cover
About the Authors
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Part 1 Direct Current
	1 Background Physics
		Atoms
		Protons, Neutrons, and Atomic Numbers
		Isotopes and Atomic Weights
		Electrons
		Ions
		Compounds
		Molecules
		Conductors
		Insulators
		Resistors
		Semiconductors
		Current
		Static Electricity
		Electromotive Force (Voltage)
		Non-Electrical Energy
		Quiz
	2 Electrical Units
		The Volt
		Current Flow
		The Ampere
		Resistance and the Ohm
		Conductance and the Siemens
		Power and the Watt
		A Word about Notation
		Energy and the Watt-Hour
		Other Energy Units
		Alternating Current and the Hertz
		Rectification and Pulsating Direct Current
		Stay Safe!
		Magnetism
		Magnetic Units
		Quiz
	3 Measuring Devices
		Electromagnetic Deflection
		Electrostatic Deflection
		Thermal Heating
		Ammeters
		Voltmeters
		Ohmmeters
		Digital Multimeters
		Frequency Counters
		Other Meter Types
		Quiz
	4 Direct-Current Circuit Basics
		Schematic Symbols
		Circuit Simplification
		Ohm’s Law
		Current Calculations
		Voltage Calculations
		The Rule of Significant Figures
		Resistance Calculations
		Power Calculations
		Resistances in Series
		Resistances in Parallel
		Division of Power
		Resistances in Series-Parallel
		Quiz
	5 Direct-Current Circuit Analysis
		Current through Series Resistances
		Voltages across Series Resistances
		Voltage across Parallel Resistances
		Currents through Parallel Resistances
		Power Distribution in Series Circuits
		Power Distribution in Parallel Circuits
		Kirchhoff’s First Law
		Kirchhoff’s Second Law
		Voltage Division
		Quiz
	6 Resistors
		Purpose of the Resistor
		Fixed Resistors
		The Potentiometer
		Resistor Specifications
		Quiz
	7 Cells and Batteries
		Electrochemical Energy
		“Grocery Store” Cells and Batteries
		Lithium Batteries
		Lead-Acid Batteries
		Nickle Metal Hydride Cells and Batteries
		Photovoltaic Cells and Batteries
		Fuel Cells
		Quiz
	8 Magnetism
		Geomagnetism
		Magnetic Force
		Magnetic Field Strength
		Electromagnets
		Magnetic Materials
		Magnetic Machines
		Quiz
Part 2 Alternating Current
	9 Alternating-Current Basics
		Definition of AC
		Period and Frequency
		The Sine Wave
		Square Waves
		Sawtooth Waves
		Complex Waveforms
		Frequency Spectrum
		Fractions of a Cycle
		Expressions of Amplitude
		The Generator
		Why AC and Not DC?
		Quiz
	10 Inductance
		The Property of Inductance
		The Unit of Inductance
		Inductors in Series
		Inductors in Parallel
		Interaction among Inductors
		Air-Core Coils
		Ferromagnetic Cores
		Transmission-Line Inductors
		Quiz
	11 Capacitance
		The Property of Capacitance
		Simple Capacitors
		The Unit of Capacitance
		Capacitors in Series
		Capacitors in Parallel
		Fixed Capacitors
		Variable Capacitors
		Capacitor Specifications
		Interelectrode Capacitance
		Equivalent Series Resistance
		Quiz
	12 Phase
		Not More Math!
		Instantaneous Values
		Rate of Change
		Circles and Vectors
		Expressions of Phase Difference
		Vector Diagrams of Relative Phase
		Quiz
	13 Inductive Reactance
		Inductors and Direct Current
		Inductors and Alternating Current
		Reactance and Frequency
		The RXL Quarter-Plane
		Current Lags Voltage
		How Much Lag?
		Quiz
	14 Capacitive Reactance
		Capacitors and Direct Current
		Capacitors and Alternating Current
		Capacitive Reactance and Frequency
		The RXC Quarter-Plane
		Current Leads Voltage
		How Much Lead?
		Quiz
	15 Impedance and Admittance
		Imaginary Numbers Revisited
		Complex Numbers Revisited (in Detail)
		The RX Half-Plane
		Conductance
		Susceptance
		Admittance
		The GB Half-Plane
		Quiz
	16 Alternating-Current Circuit Analysis
		Complex Impedances in Series
		Series RLC Circuits
		Complex Admittances in Parallel
		Parallel RLC Circuits
		Putting It All Together
		Reducing Complicated RLC Circuits
		Ohm’s Law for Alternating Current
		Quiz
	17 Alternating-Current Power and Resonance
		Forms of Power
		Power Parameters
		Power Transmission
		Resonance
		Resonant Devices
		Quiz
	18 Transformers and Impedance Matching
		Principle of the Transformer
		Transformer Geometry
		Power Transformers
		Isolation and Impedance Matching
		Radio-Frequency Transformers
		Quiz
Part 3 Basic Electronics
	19 Introduction to Semiconductors
		The Semiconductor Revolution
		Semiconductor Materials
		Doping and Charge Carriers
		The P-N Junction
		Quiz
	20 Diode Applications
		Rectification
		Detection
		Frequency Multiplication
		Signal Mixing
		Switching
		Voltage Regulation
		Amplitude Limiting
		Frequency Control
		Oscillation and Amplification
		Energy Emission
		Photosensitive Diodes
		Quiz
	21 Bipolar Transistors
		NPN versus PNP
		Biasing
		Amplification
		Gain versus Frequency
		Common-Emitter Configuration
		Common-Base Configuration
		Common-Collector Configuration
		Quiz
	22 Field-Effect Transistors
		Principle of the JFET
		Amplification
		The MOSFET
		Common-Source Configuration
		Common-Gate Configuration
		Common-Drain Configuration
		Quiz
	23 Integrated Circuits
		Advantages of IC Technology
		Limitations of IC Technology
		Linear ICs
		Digital ICs
		Component Density
		IC Memory
		Quiz
	24 Power Supplies
		Power Transformers
		Rectifier Diodes
		Half-Wave Circuit
		Full-Wave Center-Tap Circuit
		Full-Wave Bridge Circuit
		Power-Supply Smoothing
		Voltage Regulation
		Linear Voltage Regulator ICs
		Switching Voltage Regulators
		Switched-Mode Power Supplies (SMPS)
		Equipment Protection
		Quiz
	25 Amplifiers
		The Decibel Revisited
		Basic Bipolar-Transistor Amplifier
		Basic FET Amplifier
		Amplifier Classes
		Efficiency in Power Amplifiers
		Drive and Overdrive
		Audio Amplification
		IC-Based Audio Amplifiers
		Radio-Frequency Amplification
		Quiz
	26 Oscillators
		Positive Feedback
		Feedback at a Single Frequency
		An Old-School Oscillator Circuit
		The Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
		The Phase-Locked Loop
		Integrated Circuit Oscillators and Timers
		Direct Digital Synthesis
		Oscillator Stability
		Quiz
	27 Wireless Transmitters and Receivers
		Modulation
		The Electromagnetic Field
		Wave Propagation
		Transmission Media
		Receiver Fundamentals
		Predetector Stages
		Detectors
		Postdetector Stages
		Specialized Wireless Modes
		Quiz
	28 Digital Basics
		Numeration Systems
		Digital Logic
		Binary Communications
		Quiz
Part 4 Specialized Devices and Systems
	29 Microcontrollers
		Benefits
		All Shapes and Sizes
		General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Pins
		Digital Outputs
		Digital Inputs
		PWM Outputs
		Analog Inputs
		Dedicated Serial Hardware
		An Example—The ATtiny44
		Programming Languages
		Programming a Microcontroller
		Quiz
	30 Arduino
		The Arduino Uno/Genuino
		Setting Up the Arduino IDE
		Programming “Blink”
		Programming Fundamentals
		Setup and Loop
		Variables and Constants
		The Serial Monitor
		Ifs
		Iteration
		Functions
		Data Types
		Interfacing with GPIO Pins
		The Arduino C Library
		Libraries
		Special Purpose Arduinos
		Shields
		Quiz
	31 Transducers and Sensors
		Wave Transducers
		Displacement Transducers
		Detection and Measurement
		Sonar
		Quiz
	32 Antennas for RF Communications
		Radiation Resistance
		Half-Wave Antennas
		Quarter-Wave Verticals
		Loops
		Ground Systems
		Gain and Directivity
		Phased Arrays
		Parasitic Arrays
		Antennas for Ultra-High and Microwave Frequencies
		Safety
		Quiz
Schematic Symbols
Suggested Additional Reading
Index