Taxation in Tibetan Societies: Rules, Practices and Discourses

Contents
Note on the Transliteration and Transcription of Tibetan Names and Terms
Figures and Maps
Tables
Introduction
Chapter 1 The Tax System in Central and Far East Tibet Towards the End of the Ganden Phodrang Reign: An Outline of Its Structure and Terminology
Chapter 2 A Perspective on the Ganden Phodrang’s Administration of Taxation in the 19th and 20th Centuries Based on Archival Sources
Chapter 3 “When You Count, Everything Is There, and When Everything Is There, Everything Vanishes”: A Criticism of Tax Collecting in Ngamring District (rdzong) during the First Half of the 20th Century
Chapter 4 Traditional Taxation Systems in Western Tibet: A Comparative Perspective
Chapter 5 Lam yig—An Official Document Granting Travel Privileges in Tibet
Chapter 6 “My Karma Selected Me to Become a Ferryman”: The Role of Waterways and Watercraft in the Corvée Tax System in Pre-1959 Tibet
Chapter 7 Performing Tibetan Opera As khral in the First Half of the 20th Century: In Principle a “Tax”, in Experience a Pervasive Obligation
Chapter 8 A Preliminary Investigation Into Monk-Tax: The Concept of grwa khral/btsun khral/ban khral and Its Meanings
Chapter 9 Monastic Obligations, Hat Change and Lhasa Encroachment: Taxation Rights Among Politico-Religious Shifts in the Kingdom of Nangchen
Chapter 10 “By Ancient Custom and Engagements”: Trade, Taxes and Diplomacy in Ladakh and Western Tibet between the 17th and 20th Centuries
Chapter 11 Taxes and Corvées in the Manorial and Monastic Estates of Zangskar (Western Himalayas)
Chapter 12 The Fiscal Status of Buddhist and Bönpo Institutions in Mustang (Nepal): A Historical Overview
Index