Systems Engineering Fundamentals

Systems Engineering Fundamentals (page numbers in parens)......Page 1
Table of Contents (3)......Page 3
Preface (4)......Page 4
PART 1 - introduction (5)......Page 5
Systems Engineering Management Is... (7)......Page 7
1.3 Development Phasing (8)......Page 8
1.4 The Systems Engineering Process (9)......Page 9
Figure 1-3. The Systems Engineering Process (10)......Page 10
Primary Function Definitions (11)......Page 11
Systems Engineering Considerations (12)......Page 12
1.6 Summary Points (13)......Page 13
2.3 Acquisition Life Cycle (15)......Page 15
Figure 2-1. Revised DoD 5000 Acquisition Process (16)......Page 16
Figure 2-2. Concept and Technology Development (Concept Exploration Stage) (18)......Page 18
Figure 2-3. Concept and Technology Development (Component Advanced Development Stage) (19)......Page 19
Figure 2-4. System Development and Demonstration (System Integation Stage) (20)......Page 20
Figure 2-5. System Development and Demonstration (System Demonstration Stage) (21)......Page 21
Figure 2-6. Production and Deployment (23)......Page 23
Figure 2-7. Sustainment and Disposal (24)......Page 24
2.5 Summary Points (25)......Page 25
Supplement 2-A - Technology Readiness Levels (27)......Page 27
Figure 2-8. Evolutionary Acquisition (29)......Page 29
System Engineering Concerns (30)......Page 30
Planning (31)......Page 31
Summary (32)......Page 32
PART 2 - The Systems Engineering Process (33)......Page 33
Systems Engineering Process Inputs (35)......Page 35
Verification (36)......Page 36
3.2 Summary Points (37)......Page 37
Figure 4-1. Operational Requirements – Basic Questions (39)......Page 39
4.2 Requirements Analysis (40)......Page 40
Role of Integrated Teams (41)......Page 41
Operational View (42)......Page 42
4.4 Summary Points (43)......Page 43
Figure 4-3. IEEE P1220 Requirements Analysis Task Areas (45)......Page 45
Task 5. Measures of Effectiveness and Suitability (MOE/MOS) (46)......Page 46
Task 13. Technical Performance Measures (TPMs) (47)......Page 47
Follow-on Tasks (48)......Page 48
5.2 Functional Analysis and Allocation (49)......Page 49
Figure 5-1. Functional Analysis and Allocation (50)......Page 50
Figure 5-2. Functional Architecture Example (51)......Page 51
5.4 Summary Points (52)......Page 52
Figure 5-3. FFBD Traceability and Indenture (53)......Page 53
Key FFBD Attributes (53)......Page 54
Figure 5-5. Integration Definition for Function Modeling (IDEF0) Box Format (55)......Page 55
Figure 5-6. Top-Level Context Diagram (56)......Page 56
Figure 5-7. IDEF0 Diagram Example (57)......Page 57
Figure 5-8. Time Analysis Sheet (58)......Page 58
Figure 5-9. Requirements Allocation Sheet (Example) (59)......Page 59
Figure 6-1. Design Synthesis (61)......Page 61
6.2 Synthesis Tools (62)......Page 62
6.3 Summary Points (63)......Page 63
Figure 6-3. Concept Description Sheet Example (65)......Page 65
Figure 6-4. Schematic Block Diagram Example (66)......Page 66
Figure 6-5. Requirements Allocation Sheet (Example) (67)......Page 67
Figure 7-1. Systems Engineering and Verification (69)......Page 69
Common Types of T&E in DoD (70)......Page 70
T&E (70)......Page 71
Developmental Test and Evaluation (72)......Page 72
Operational Test and Evaluation (73)......Page 73
7.3 Summary Points (74)......Page 74
Figure 7-5. DT/OT Comparison (75)......Page 75
Program-Unique Specifications (77)......Page 77
Role of Specifications (78)......Page 78
Figure 8-3. Specification Types (79)......Page 79
Acquisition Program Baselines (80)......Page 80
Specifications (81)......Page 81
Software Documentation – IEEE/EIA 12207 (82)......Page 82
Standards (83)......Page 83
8.3 Summary Points (84)......Page 84
PART 3 - Systems Analysis and Control (87)......Page 87
WBS Role in DoD Systems Engineering (89)......Page 89
9.2 WBS Development (90)......Page 90
Contract WBS (91)......Page 91
Figure 9–4. Contract WBS (92)......Page 92
9.4 Summary Points (93)......Page 93
Figure 9-6. Work Breakdown Dictionary (94)......Page 94
DoD Application of Configuration Management (95)......Page 95
Identification (96)......Page 96
Engineering Change Proposal (ECP) (97)......Page 97
Configuration Control Board (CCB) (98)......Page 98
CCB Documentation (99)......Page 99
Audits (100)......Page 100
Open Systems Interface Standards (101)......Page 101
10.5 Summary Points (102)......Page 102
Planning (103)......Page 103
11.2 Technical Reviews (104)......Page 104
Figure 11-2. Phasing of Technical Reviews (105)......Page 105
Figure 11-3. Typical System-Level Technical Reviews (106)......Page 106
Figure 11-4. Relationship of Systems Engineering Events to Acquisition Life Cycle Phases (107)......Page 107
System Requirements Review (SRR) (108)......Page 108
System Functional Review (SFR) (109)......Page 109
Critical Design Review (CDR) (110)......Page 110
Functional Configuration Audit/ System Verification Review (FCA/SVR) (111)......Page 111
11.3 Tailoring (112)......Page 112
11.4 Summary Points (113)......Page 113
Systems Engineering Process and Trade Studies (115)......Page 115
Trade Study Process (116)......Page 116
Figure 12-1. Trade Study Process (117)......Page 117
12.3 Summary Points (118)......Page 118
Sensitivity (119)......Page 119
Notes (120)......Page 120
Modeling, Simulation, and Acquisition (121)......Page 121
Constructive Simulations (122)......Page 122
Live Simulation (123)......Page 123
Figure 13-2. Verification, Validation, and Accreditation (124)......Page 124
Planning Planning (125)......Page 125
Figure 13-3. A Robust Integrated Use of Simulation Technology (126)......Page 126
13.6 Summary (127)......Page 127
Measures of Effectiveness and Suitability (129)......Page 129
Suitability Metrics (130)......Page 130
14.2 Earned Value (131)......Page 131
14.4 Summary Points (132)......Page 132
Figure 14-2. Technical Performance Measurement – The Concept (134)......Page 134
Figure 14-3. Shipboard Fire Control System (Partial) (136)......Page 136
Figure 15-1. Risk Hierarchy (137)......Page 137
Risk Planning (138)......Page 138
Risk Identification Activities (139)......Page 139
Risk Analysis Activities (140)......Page 140
Cautions in Risk Assessments (141)......Page 141
Acceptance (142)......Page 142
Risk Awareness (143)......Page 143
15.3 Summary Points (144)......Page 144
Risk and Phases (145)......Page 145
Risk Classification on the System (Program) Level (146)......Page 146
Reality Versus Expectations (147)......Page 147
Supplement 15-B - Model for System Level Risk Assessment (148)......Page 148
PART 4 - Planning, Organizing, and Managing (149)......Page 149
16.2 Elements of Technical Plans (151)......Page 151
Technical Strategy (152)......Page 152
Systems Engineering Processes (153)......Page 153
16.3 Integration of Plans--Program Plan Interfaces (155)......Page 155
16.4 Summary Points (156)......Page 156
Figure 16-1. Sample Event-Based Schedule Exit Criteria (157)......Page 157
Figure 16-2. Sample Event-Driven Schedule Exit Criteria (continued) (158)......Page 158
Schedule Summary (159)......Page 159
Planned Improvements (161)......Page 161
Figure 17-2. Evolutionary Acquisition (162)......Page 162
Figure 17-3. Pre-Planned Product Improvement (163)......Page 163
Deployed Systems Upgrades (164)......Page 164
Traps in Upgrading Deployed Systems (165)......Page 165
17.3 Roles and Responsibilities (166)......Page 166
17.4 Summary Points (167)......Page 167
Figure 17-5. C4I and IT Development (168)......Page 168
Figure 17-6. Simplified Computer Resource Reference Model (169)......Page 169
System Definition Phase (170)......Page 170
Preliminary Design Phase (171)......Page 171
System Engineering Control: Interface Management (172)......Page 172
Life Cycle Considerations (173)......Page 173
Summary Comments (174)......Page 174
Characteristics (175)......Page 175
Figure 18-1. Integrated Team Structure (176)......Page 176
Figure 18-2. Cross Membership (177)......Page 177
Team Development (178)......Page 178
Empowerment (179)......Page 179
Facilitators (180)......Page 180
Integrated Team Rules (181)......Page 181
18.5 Barriers to Integration (182)......Page 182
Summary Comments (183)......Page 183
Overarching IPT (OIPT) (184)......Page 184
Figure 18-4. IPT Structure (185)......Page 185
Program IPTs (186)......Page 186
Supplement 18-B - Government Role on IPTs (187)......Page 187
Figure 19-1. Contracting Process (189)......Page 189
Request for Proposal (RFP) (190)......Page 190
Figure 19-3. Optional Approaches (191)......Page 191
Data Requirements (192)......Page 192
19.3 Summary Comments (193)......Page 193
Offeror Development of the Statement of Work (194)......Page 194
Figure 19-4. Requirement-WBS-SOW Flow (196)......Page 196
Statement of Work Rules (197)......Page 197
Figure 19-5. CDRL Single Data Item Requirement Example (199)......Page 199
DD Form 1423 Road Map (200)......Page 200
Figure 19-6. Source Selection Process (201)......Page 201
Factors to Consider (202)......Page 202
Proposal Evaluation (203)......Page 203
Figure 19-8. Source Evaluation (204)......Page 204
The Acquisition Reform Environment (205)......Page 205
Communication – Trust and Integrity (205)......Page 206
20.2 Ethical Considerations (207)......Page 207
20.3 Summary (208)......Page 208
Glossary (211)......Page 211
Glossary - Systems Engineering Fundamentals (213)......Page 213
DAU Press Wants To Hear From You (221)......Page 221