Systems analysis and design

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 8
1 SYSTEMS, ROLES, AND DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES......Page 30
Types of Systems......Page 31
Integrating Technologies for Systems......Page 33
Roles of the Systems Analyst......Page 35
Consulting Opportunity 1.1 Healthy Hiring: Ecommerce Help Wanted......Page 36
The Systems Development Life Cycle......Page 37
MAC APPEAL......Page 41
The Agile Approach......Page 43
Object-Oriented Systems Analysis and Design......Page 46
SUMMARY......Page 48
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 1......Page 49
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 50
CPU CASE EPISODE 1: The Case Opens......Page 52
Organizations as Systems......Page 53
Consulting Opportunity 2.1 The E in Vitamin E Stands for Ecommerce......Page 55
Depicting Systems Graphically......Page 58
Use Case Modeling......Page 64
Levels of Management......Page 72
Consulting Opportunity 2.2 Where There’s Carbon, There’s a Copy......Page 73
Organizational Culture......Page 74
SUMMARY......Page 75
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 2......Page 76
PROBLEMS......Page 77
GROUP PROJECTS......Page 78
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 79
CPU CASE EPISODE 2: Picturing the Relationships......Page 80
Project Initiation......Page 85
Consulting Opportunity 3.1 The Sweetest Sound I’ve Ever Sipped......Page 87
Determining Feasibility......Page 91
Ascertaining Hardware and Software Needs......Page 92
Consulting Opportunity 3.2 Veni, Vidi, Vendi, or, I Came, I Saw, I Sold......Page 99
Identifying, Forecasting, and Comparing Costs and Benefits......Page 101
Consulting Opportunity 3.3 We’re Off to See the Wizards......Page 102
Activity Planning and Control......Page 106
Consulting Opportunity 3.4 Food for Thought......Page 107
Managing the Project......Page 111
Managing Analysis and Design Activities......Page 112
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 3.1......Page 113
Consulting Opportunity 3.5 Goal Tending......Page 114
The Systems Proposal......Page 117
SUMMARY......Page 120
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 3.2......Page 121
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 122
PROBLEMS......Page 123
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 127
CPU CASE EPISODE 3: Getting to Know U......Page 129
Interviewing......Page 132
Consulting Opportunity 4.1 Strengthening Your Question Types......Page 137
Consulting Opportunity 4.2 Skimming the Surface......Page 139
Joint Application Design......Page 140
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 4.1......Page 141
Consulting Opportunity 4.3 A Systems Analyst, I Presume?......Page 142
Using Questionnaires......Page 143
Consulting Opportunity 4.4 The Unbearable Questionnaire......Page 149
Consulting Opportunity 4.5 Order in the Courts......Page 150
SUMMARY......Page 151
KEYWORDS AND PHRASES......Page 152
PROBLEMS......Page 153
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 156
CPU CASE EPISODE 4: I’ll Listen Now, Ask Questions Later......Page 157
Sampling......Page 160
Consulting Opportunity 5.1 Trapping a Sample......Page 164
Investigation......Page 165
Consulting Opportunity 5.2 A Rose by Any Other Name . . . Or Quality, Not Quantities......Page 166
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 5.1......Page 170
Observing the Physical Environment......Page 171
Consulting Opportunity 5.3 Don’t Bank on Their Self-Image or Not Everything Is Reflected in a Mirror......Page 174
MAC APPEAL......Page 176
SUMMARY......Page 177
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 5.2......Page 178
PROBLEMS......Page 179
GROUP PROJECTS......Page 181
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 182
CPU CASE EPISODE 5: Seeing Is Believing......Page 183
6 AGILE MODELING AND PROTOTYPING......Page 184
Prototyping......Page 185
Developing a Prototype......Page 187
Consulting Opportunity 6.1 Is Prototyping King?......Page 188
Consulting Opportunity 6.2 Clearing the Way for Customer Links......Page 189
Consulting Opportunity 6.3 To Hatch a Fish......Page 190
Consulting Opportunity 6.4 This Prototype Is All Wet......Page 191
Rapid Application Development......Page 192
Agile Modeling......Page 195
MAC APPEAL......Page 202
Comparing Agile Modeling and Structured Methods......Page 205
SUMMARY......Page 210
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 6......Page 211
PROBLEMS......Page 212
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 214
CPU CASE EPISODE 6: Reaction Time......Page 215
The Data Flow Approach to Human Requirements Determination......Page 222
Developing Data Flow Diagrams......Page 224
Logical and Physical Data Flow Diagrams......Page 229
A Data Flow Diagram Example......Page 236
Partitioning Web Sites......Page 242
Consulting Opportunity 7.1 There’s No Business Like Flow Business......Page 245
SUMMARY......Page 246
KEYWORDS AND PHRASES......Page 247
PROBLEMS......Page 248
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 250
CPU CASE: EPISODE 7: Just Flowing Along......Page 251
The Data Dictionary......Page 257
The Data Repository......Page 258
Creating the Data Dictionary......Page 267
Consulting Opportunity 8.1 Want to Make It Big in the Theatre? Improve Your Diction(ary)!......Page 269
Using the Data Dictionary......Page 271
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 8......Page 276
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 277
PROBLEMS......Page 278
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 280
CPU CASE EPISODE 8: Defining What You Mean......Page 281
Overview of Process Specifications......Page 288
Structured English......Page 290
Consulting Opportunity 9.1 Kit Chen Kaboodle, Inc.......Page 292
Consulting Opportunity 9.2 Kneading Structure......Page 293
Decision Tables......Page 295
Consulting Opportunity 9.3 Saving a Cent on Citron Car Rental......Page 298
Decision Trees......Page 300
Consulting Opportunity 9.4 A Tree for Free......Page 301
SUMMARY......Page 302
PROBLEMS......Page 303
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 305
CPU CASE EPISODE 9: Tabling a Decision......Page 306
10 OBJECT-ORIENTED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING UML......Page 310
Object-Oriented Concepts......Page 311
CRC Cards and Object Think......Page 313
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) Concepts and Diagrams......Page 315
Use Case Modeling......Page 316
Activity Diagrams......Page 319
Consulting Opportunity 10.2 Recycling the Programming Environment......Page 322
Sequence and Communication Diagrams......Page 323
Class Diagrams......Page 326
Enhancing Sequence Diagrams......Page 329
Enhancing Class Diagrams......Page 332
Statechart Diagrams......Page 338
Packages and Other UML Artifacts......Page 340
Putting UML to Work......Page 342
The Importance of Using UML for Modeling......Page 344
SUMMARY......Page 345
KEYWORDS AND PHRASES......Page 346
PROBLEMS......Page 347
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 348
CPU CASE EPISODE 10: Classy Objects......Page 349
Output Design Objectives......Page 358
Relating Output Content to Output Method......Page 359
Consulting Opportunity 11.1 Your Cage or Mine?......Page 364
Consulting Opportunity 11.2 A Right Way, a Wrong Way, and a Subway......Page 368
Realizing How Output Bias Affects Users......Page 369
Consulting Opportunity 11.3 Should This Chart Be Barred?......Page 371
Designing Output for Displays......Page 373
Designing a Web Site......Page 377
MAC APPEAL......Page 380
Consulting Opportunity 11.5 A Field Day......Page 385
Output Production and XML......Page 386
SUMMARY......Page 389
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 390
PROBLEMS......Page 391
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 394
CPU CASE EPISODE 11: Reporting on Outputs......Page 395
Good Form Design......Page 400
Good Display and Web Forms Design......Page 405
Consulting Opportunity 12.1 This Form May Be Hazardous to Your Health......Page 406
Consulting Opportunity 12.2 Squeezin’ Isn’t Pleasin’......Page 408
Intranet and Internet Page Design......Page 418
Consulting Opportunity 12.3 It’s Only Skin Deep......Page 419
SUMMARY......Page 421
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 12......Page 422
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 423
PROBLEMS......Page 424
GROUP PROJECTS......Page 426
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 427
CPU CASE EPISODE 12: Forming Screens and Screening Forms......Page 428
Databases......Page 432
Data Concepts......Page 433
Normalization......Page 442
Guidelines for Master File/Database Relation Design......Page 453
MAC APPEAL......Page 454
Denormalization......Page 455
Data Warehouses......Page 458
Consulting Opportunity 13.2 Storing Minerals for Health, Data for Mining......Page 459
Consulting Opportunity 13.3 Losing Prospects......Page 460
SUMMARY......Page 461
KEYWORDS AND PHRASES......Page 462
PROBLEMS......Page 463
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 465
CPU CASE EPISODE 13: Back to Data Basics......Page 466
Understanding Human-Computer Interaction......Page 470
Usability......Page 473
Consulting Opportunity 14.1 School Spirit Comes in Many Sizes......Page 479
Types of User Interface......Page 480
Consulting Opportunity 14.2 I’d Rather Do It Myself......Page 483
Consulting Opportunity 14.3 Don’t Slow Me Down......Page 485
Consulting Opportunity 14.4 That’s Not a Lightbulb......Page 486
Guidelines for Dialog Design......Page 487
Feedback for Users......Page 490
Special Design Considerations for Ecommerce......Page 494
Consulting Opportunity 14.6 When You Run a Marathon,It Helps to Know Where You’re Going......Page 495
MAC APPEAL......Page 496
Designing Queries......Page 497
Consulting Opportunity 14.7 Hey, Look Me Over (Reprise)......Page 501
KEYWORDS AND PHRASES......Page 503
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 14......Page 504
PROBLEMS......Page 505
GROUP PROJECTS......Page 506
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 507
CPU CASE EPISODE 14: Up to the Users......Page 508
Effective Coding......Page 514
Consulting Opportunity 15.1 It’s a Wilderness in Here......Page 521
Effective and Efficient Data Capture......Page 523
Ensuring Data Quality Through Input Validation......Page 528
Consulting Opportunity 15.4 Do You Validate Parking?......Page 533
Accuracy Advantages in Ecommerce Environments......Page 535
SUMMARY......Page 536
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 537
PROBLEMS......Page 538
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 540
CPU CASE EPISODE 15: Entering Naturally......Page 541
16 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND IMPLEMENTATION......Page 544
The Total Quality Management Approach......Page 545
Consulting Opportunity 16.1 The Quality of MIS Is Not Strained......Page 547
MAC APPEAL......Page 549
Documentation Approaches......Page 552
Consulting Opportunity 16.2 Write Is Right......Page 553
HYPERCASE[sup(®)] EXPERIENCE 16.1......Page 554
Testing, Maintenance, and Auditing......Page 555
Consulting Opportunity 16.3 Cramming for Your Systems Test......Page 557
Implementing Distributed Systems......Page 558
Training Users......Page 565
Consulting Opportunity 16.4 You Can Lead a Fish to Water . . . But You Can’t Make It Drink......Page 567
Conversion to a New System......Page 568
Security Concerns for Traditional and Web-Based Systems......Page 571
Evaluation......Page 575
Evaluating Corporate Web Sites......Page 577
SUMMARY......Page 579
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 580
PROBLEMS......Page 581
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 583
CPU CASE EPISODE 16: Semper Redundate......Page 584
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ACRONYMS......Page 594
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