Systems, Decision and Control in Energy VI: Volume II: Power Engineering and Environmental Safety

Preface
Contents
Electric Power Engineering
Battery Energy Storage Systems: Enabling Ukraine’s Grid Flexibility and Energy Security Through Ancillary Services
	1 Introduction
	2 Key Global Trends and Regulatory Initiatives
	3 Management Strategies for Energy Storage Facilities
	4 Modelling the Operation of an Energy Storage Facility
	5 Modelling the Operation of BESS in the European Power System
	6 Conclusions
	References
Assessment of the Economic Efficiency of Battery Energy Storage Systems in the Electricity Market Segments
	1 Introduction and Problem Statement
	2 Literature Review
	3 Model Description
	4 Input Data and Operating Modes
		4.1 Input Technical and Economic Parameters
		4.2 Input on Market Conditions
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Methods for Improving the Quality of Electrical Energy Through the Use of Energy Storage Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 The Role of Energy Storage Systems in Promising DC Power Supply Systems
	3 Features of the Use of Electric Energy Storage Devices in Power Supply Systems
	4 Problems that Arise During the Operation of Drives Connected According to a Serial Scheme
		4.1 Passive Balancing of Voltage Levels on Batteries Connected in Series
		4.2 Active Balancer with Switchable Capacity
		4.3 Active Balancer with Switchable Inductance
		4.4 Active Balancer with the Return of Excess Energy to the Stack
		4.5 Active Balancer with Excess Energy Extraction from the Stack
	5 Ways to Expand the Frequency Range of BESS
	6 Conclusions
	References
Optimization of Double Inverter-Feed Drive Work According to Minimum of Dynamic Error Criteria
	1 Introduction
	2 Double Inverter-Fed Drive Control and Mechanical Characteristics
	3 Optimal Control Synthesis of DIFD
	4 Dynamic Characteristics Analysis with Different Control Systems
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Novel PDM Control Strategy for Voltage-Source Modular-Structured Resonant Converters
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of PDM and Fluctuations of Current Amplitude
		2.1 Types of PDM
		2.2 Current Amplitude Fluctuations
	3 Modular-Structured Series-Resonant Converters with Interleaved and Stepped PDM Control
		3.1 A Modular-Structured Series-Resonant Converter Based on Full-Bridge Voltage-Source Inverters
		3.2 Interleaved PDM Control Technique
		3.3 Stepped PDM Control Technique
		3.4 Comparing Interleaved and Stepped PDMs
	4 Reduced Current Amplitude Fluctuation PDM Control Strategy
		4.1 Combined PDM Control Strategy
		4.2 Enhanced PDM Control Strategy
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Active Balancer with Targeted Charge Transfer Between Stack Batteries
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Electromagnetic Processes in a Transformer Balancer
	3 Operating Modes of the Active Balancing Circuit
	4 Predictive Control of the Active Balancer
	5 Implementation of the Predictive Regulator of the Active Balancing Circuit
	6 Determining the Requirements for Choke Transformer Inductance
	7 Determining the Effectiveness of Active Balancing Schemes
	8 Optimizing the Operating Mode of the Active Balancer
		8.1 Determining the Average Stack Voltage at the End of the Balancing Process
		8.2 Determine the Time for Balancing the Accumulators
	9 Conclusion
	References
Remote Vibration Control Systems for Rotating Machinery Units Fault Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Vibration Control Issues in Wind Generators
	3 Wind Generator Vibration Fault Detection Based on Optical Sensors
		3.1 Methods Review
		3.2 Design Optical Sensing System
		3.3 Measurement Principle
		3.4 Experimental Research
	4 Conclusion
	References
Heat Power Engineering
System of Indicators for Assessing the Susceptibility of Enterprises to Energy-Saving Technologies
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Literature and Formulation of Research Objectives
	3 Theoretical Foundations of the Formation of Enterprises’ Susceptibility to Advanced Energy-Saving Technologies
	4 Development of a System of Indicators for Assessing the Susceptibility of Enterprises to Energy-Saving Production Technologies
	5 Using a System of Indicators to Assess the Susceptibility of Enterprises to Energy-Saving Technologies
	6 Conclusions
	References
Comparative Analysis of Exergy Losses in Heat Transfer Processes in Heat Recoverers of Boiler Plants
	1 Introduction
	2 Purpose, Materials, and Methods
	3 Research Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Modelling of a Three-Phase Induction-Type Heat Generator Using the Secondary Sources Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Boundary Value Problem and Integral Equations for Secondary Sources Densities
	3 Approximation of the Integral Equations System (41)–(43) by a System of Linear Algebraic Equations Taking into Account the Symmetry of the Heat Generator Magnetic System
	4 Results of Numerical Calculation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Dynamic Model of a High-Capacity Electric Boiler with an Immersed Electrode
	1 Introduction
	2 Technology of Thermal Energy Production by Electrode Boilers
	3 The Purpose, Objectives and Methods of the Research
	4 Analysis of Electrode Boilers with a Submerged Electrode
	5 Dynamic Model of the Heating Section
	6 Dynamic Model of the Mixing Section
	7 Modeling of Dynamic Characteristics
	8 Discussion of Results
	9 Conclusions
	References
Conjugate Heat Transfer of Tube Bundles with Fin Ribbing
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model and Calculation Methods
	3 Result of Numerical Simulation
	References
Assessment of the Impact of the Location of the Insulation Layer on the Humidity Regime and Heat Transfer Resistance of the External Building Envelope
	1 Relevance of the Study
	2 Analysis of Recent Research and Publications
	3 Statement of the Problem
		3.1 Materials and Methods of the Study
	4 Linearization of the Problem
	5 Solving Linear Problems of Unsteady Heat Conduction
	6 Mathematical Model of Heat Transfer Through a Skylight
	7 Research Results and Their Discussion
	8 Conclusions and Prospects
	Appendices A-C
	References
Renewable Power Engineering
Possibilities and Perspectives of the Wind and Solar Power Plants Application in Combined Energy Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 The Theoretical Basis of the Organisation of Self-Sufficient RESs
	3 A Problem-Oriented Algebraic-Differential Model for the Study of Frequency and Power Regulation Processes in Energy Systems with Self-Sufficient Distributed Generation
	4 Possibilities and Prospects of Using the Model
	5 Energy-Economic Indicators of WPP Operation in Self-Sufficient Generation Mode
	6 Conclusions
	References
Advancements in Operational Modeling Methods for Photovoltaic Power Plants
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 A Mathematical Model of Solar Insolation
	4 A Mathematical Model of PV Modules
	5 A Mathematical Model of a Battery Pack
	6 A Mathematical Model of the Heating of a Photovoltaic Module
	7 Disadvantages of the Proposed Model and Their Elimination
	8 Modelling of Solar Power Plant Performance Under Operating Conditions and Comparison with Experimental Data
	9 Practical Application of the Model
	10 Additional Modules
	11 Use of the Model for In-System Modelling of Equipment Technical Condition
	12 Conclusions
	References
Photovoltaic Thermal Solar Collector for Autonomous and Energy Cluster Modes
	1 Introduction
	2 Theory
	3 PVT-Collector
	4 Open System with PVT-Collector
	5 Сlose System with PVT-Collector
	6 PVT-System with Automatic Control
	7 System with PVT-Collector to Cluster
	8 Conclusions
	References
Local Power Systems Based on Renewable Energy Sources
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure of a Power Plant with RES and Energy Storage System
	3 Balancing Power and Electricity in Power Transmission Systems
	4 Optimization of Methods and Means to Ensure Stable (Sustainable) Operation of RES in LES
	5 Determining a Way to Improve the Balance Reliability of the LES
	6 Conclusions
	References
Transitioning to Direct Steam Generation in a Mexican Integrated Solar Combined Cycle for Enhanced Efficiency
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Linear Concentration Technologies
	2 Agua Prieta II ISCC Power Plant
		2.1 Current Status
	3 Transitioning Agua Prieta II to Direct Steam Generation
		3.1 Direct Steam Generation
		3.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Steam Generation
		3.3 Thermohydraulic Model
		3.4 Operation and Performance
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research on Photovoltaic Power Prediction Using an LSTM Recurrent Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Forecasting Methods Analysis
	3 Result and Discussions
		3.1 Building an LSTM Network
		3.2 Simulation of Photovoltaic Plant Operation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Approaches to the Cascade Hydropower Plants Optimum Operation for Forming the Day-Ahead Electricity Market Schedule
	1 Introduction
	2 Optimization Problem
	3 Materials and Methods
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Environmental Safety
Application of Information from Remote Sensing Earth Systems to Solve Problems of Environmental Monitoring
	1 Introduction
	2 Processing of the Satellite Imagery
	3 Segmentation of the Satellite Imagery to Solve Environmental Monitoring Problems
	4 Results of Segmentation of Satellite Imagery Using the
		4.1 K-means Method with Different Numbers of Segments
	5 Conclusions
	References
Development of Mathematical Support for Increasing the Efficiency of Remote Gamma Radiation Monitoring of Contaminated Areas
	1 Introduction
	2 The Mathematical Description of Gamma Fields for Radioactive Objects
	3 Recovering the Surface Distribution of Radioactive Sources by the Inverse Problem Solutions
	4 Concluding Remark
	Appendix 1
	Appendix 2
	References
Mathematical Means to Assess Consequences of Chemical Accidents with Heavy Gas Emissions
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Results
	3 Empirical Models
	4 Engineering Models
		4.1 Box Models for Instantaneous Emissions
		4.2 Uniform or Gaussian Plume Models
		4.3 Generalized Plume Models
		4.4 Integral-Jet Models
		4.5 Shallow-Layer Models
	5 Exploratory Models
	6 Conclusions
	References
Modern Measuring Tools to Develop Efficient Atmospheric Air Monitoring Systems Based on UAVs
	1 Introduction
	2 Inexpensive Gas Sensors
	3 Multisensor Systems
	4 Electronic Noses
	5 High-Precision Optical Analyzers
	6 Optical Particle Counters
	7 Radiation Detectors
	8 Unmanned Flying Platforms for Measuring Equipment Placement
	9 Conclusions
	References
Environmental and Geological Hazards After the Explosion of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant and Rehabilitation Options
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Results
	3 The Hydrodynamic Failure and Drainage of the Kakhovka HPP Reservoir is a Topic of Concern.
	4 The State of Hydrogeological and Engineering-Geological Conditions in the Kakhovka Reservoir Support Zone at the Time of Disaster
	5 Estimated Assessment of Changes in Ecohydrogeological Conditions for the Next 10–15 Years
	6 Long-Term Natural and Technogenic Hazards Resulting from Changes in Ecohydrogeological Conditions
	7 Complex of Socio-Economic Threats Due to the Consequences of the Kakhovka Reservoir Draining and a Possible Way of Overcoming Them
	8 Conclusions
	References
Integral Assessment of the Effectiveness of Designing Energy-Efficient Ecological Settlements in the Urban Planning System
	1 Introduction
	2 Assessment of Design Efficiency
		2.1 Assessment Methods
		2.2 Methods of Determining Weighting Factors
		2.3 A Set of Information Support for Assessment Processes
	3 Calculations Using Such Formulas
		3.1 Algorithm of Assessment Based on the Developed Coefficients
	4 Conclusions
	References
Prospective Directions of Cement Production Decarbonization in Ukraine
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Problem Statement
	3 Methods and Materials
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Application of the Alternating Impulses of Pressure for New Energy-Saving Technologies
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review and Setting Research Objectives
	3 Model Formulation
	4 Materials and Methods
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Investigation of Alternating Impulses of Pressure
		5.2 Investigation of the Parameters of Water Nutrient Solutions and Hydroponic Systems
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on the Level of “Urban Stream Syndrome” in Small Streams of Urbanized Areas Using the Example of the Mlynivka River (Ivano-Frankivsk City)
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Analysis and Problem Statement
	3 Purpose and Objectives of the Study
	4 Research Methods
	5 Research Results
		5.1 Characteristics of the Research Object
		5.2 Research on the Saprobity of Water Microorganisms in the Mlynivka River
		5.3 Assessment of the Natural Gamma Background of the Research Area
		5.4 Flood Resistance Technologies
	6 Conclusions
	References