Syria 2011-2013: Revolution and Tyranny before the Mayhem

Contents
List of illustrations
List of abbreviations
List of Fridays
Preface
Recollections: An introduction to the English edition
Introduction
1 The bitter harvest: The first ten years of Bashar al-Assad
2 From spark to fire
3 Protests in the main squares
4 Masses in the cities: The revolutionary movement in Damascus and Aleppo
5 An armed revolution
6 The regime’s strategy
7 Ruralization of the party and sectarianization of the army: The origins of sectarian discourse and violence
8 Sectarian violence unleashed
9 Between revolutionary violence and remnants from previous eras
10 The opposition
11 New actors
12 Political solutions and international positions
13 The effect of economic sanctions on Syria’s macroeconomy
Conclusion
Supplement: A critical account of developments since 2013
Calculating the incalculable
Bibliography
Index