Synthesis of Results from Scientific Drilling in the Indian Ocean

Synthesis of Results from Scientific Drilling in the Indian Ocean......Page 1
Geophysical Monograph Series......Page 2
Synthesis of Results from Scientific Drilling in the Indian Ocean......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
INTRODUCTION......Page 10
REFERENC......Page 14
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 15
INTRODUCTION......Page 16
Southwest Indian Ridge SWIR......Page 18
IGNEOUS STRATIGRAPHY......Page 21
Olivine Gabbro......Page 24
Gabbronorite......Page 25
TROCTOLITES, GABBROS AND MICROGABBROS......Page 26
Synkinemtic Oxide-Bearing Gabbros......Page 29
Oxide Gabbro......Page 31
IGNEOUS CHEMISTRY......Page 33
Hypersolidus Deformation......Page 35
Brittle Deformation......Page 38
Zone 2......Page 41
ALTERATION......Page 42
High Temperature Metamorphism......Page 43
Felsic and Related Veins......Page 45
Late Stage Oxidation......Page 46
CONCLUSIONS......Page 48
Igneous Petrogenesis......Page 49
Subsolidus Deformation and Alteration......Page 51
REFERENCES......Page 52
INTRODUCTION......Page 55
SEISMIC MEASUREMENTS......Page 57
ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS......Page 62
POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY......Page 65
CONCLUSION......Page 68
REFERENCES......Page 69
INTRODUTION......Page 71
SITES DRILLED......Page 73
INDIAN OCEAN CRUST......Page 75
LEG 115: THE REUNION HOTSPOT TRACK......Page 78
LEGS 119, 120 AND 121: KERGUELEN PLATEAU, BROKEN RIDGE AND NINETYEAST RIDGE: THE KERGUELEN HOTSPOT TRACK......Page 82
PLUME-RIDGE-ASTHENOSPHERE INTERACTIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR VOLUME AND COMPOSITION......Page 92
Partial Melting Effects on Incompatible Elements in Re'union Plume Basalts......Page 94
Volume and Compositional Variations in Kerguelen Plume Products......Page 96
COMPARATIVE PLUMOLOGY: THE HAWAHAN, LOUISVILLE, REUNION, AND KERGUELEN PLUMES......Page 97
ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND INSIGHTS PROVIDED BY INDIAN OCEAN DRILLED......Page 99
REFERENCES......Page 100
The Life Cycle of Indian Ocean Hotspots......Page 104
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE ASH LAYERS......Page 117
PETROLOGIC EVOLUTION AND SOURCES......Page 118
OCEAN ISLAND/SEAMOUNT ON THE KEROGUELEN PLATEAU......Page 120
SEAMOUNT AND OCEAN ISLAND EVOLUTION AND EROSION......Page 123
REFERENCES......Page 124
INTRODUTION......Page 126
SUBSIDENCAE ANALYSIS......Page 129
Data and Results......Page 130
CONCLUDING DISCUSSION......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 135
INTRODUCTION......Page 137
Leg 121 drilling on Broken Ridge......Page 138
Models for lithospheric extension: Constraints from Broken Ridge......Page 140
Background......Page 147
Modeling Lithospheric Shortening: Constraints from Owen Ridge......Page 149
Background......Page 151
Leg 116 Drilling Results......Page 154
Modeling Lithospheric Shortening: Constraints from the Central Indian Ocean basin......Page 158
DISCUSSION......Page 161
REFERENCES......Page 164
INTRODUCTION......Page 167
Central Exmouth Plateau......Page 170
Argo and Gascoyne Abyssal Plains......Page 171
EARLY-RIFT EVOLUTION PERMO-TRIASSIC: THE INITIAL SPILIT OF GONDWANA......Page 172
Rhaetian transgression: lagoonu1 and reefal carbonates......Page 174
JURASSIC RIFT-DRIFT TRANSITION......Page 177
Rhaetian-Early Jurassic rifr tectonics and synrifr volcanism......Page 178
Middle Jurassic coal measure succession......Page 179
Argo Abyssal Plain evolution......Page 180
NEOCOMIAN LATE-RIFT DELTAIC SEDIMENTATION AT THE CENTRAL EXMOUTH PLATEAU AND THE FINAL SEPARATION BETWEEN AUSTRLIA AND GREATER INDIA......Page 182
MATURE OCEAN EVOLUTION LATE CRETIACEOUS AND YOUNGER......Page 185
Sequence Stratigraphy......Page 186
Structurallstratigraphic evolution and subsidence history......Page 187
CONCLUSIONS......Page 189
REFERENCES......Page 192
Carnian and Norian Sites 759 and 760......Page 195
Rhaetian Sites 761 and 764......Page 196
Rhaetian carbonate buildup......Page 197
Depositional sequences and sequence boundaries......Page 200
Fit With Known Global Events......Page 202
Facies......Page 203
Sequence Stratigraphy......Page 204
Synsedimentary Tectonics......Page 205
DISCUSSION AND CONCULSIONS......Page 207
Multi-stage rifting......Page 208
REFERENCES......Page 210
Introduction......Page 213
PALEOGEOGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK......Page 216
Northwest Shelf of Australia and Exmouth Plateau......Page 218
Timor......Page 220
Himalayan Margin......Page 221
Summary of Triassic to Middle Jurassic Facies......Page 222
CALLOVIAN AND LATE JURASSIC FACES......Page 223
Himalayan Margin......Page 225
Summary of Callovian- Upper Jurassic Facies......Page 226
Argo Abyssal Plain DSDP Site 261 and ODP Site 765......Page 227
Timor......Page 228
Himalayan Margin......Page 229
REFERENCES......Page 230
Pre-Aptian History......Page 235
Marginal Cratonic Basins......Page 237
OCEANIC PLATEAU AND OUTER CONTINENTAL  SHLELF SITES......Page 240
Aptian......Page 248
Turonian-Coniacian......Page 249
Santonian......Page 251
SUMMARY......Page 252
REFERENCES......Page 253
MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 255
APTIAN-ALBIAN CALCAREOUS NANEOFOSSIL BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF ODP SITE 763......Page 256
DSDP Site 545......Page 257
DSDP Site 547......Page 258
Aptian-Albian Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy......Page 259
REFERENCES......Page 260
INTRODUCTION......Page 263
PRESENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BLACK SHALE OCCURRENCES......Page 264
NEW RESULTS FROM THE NORTHWEST AUSTRALIAN CONTINETAL MARGIN TRANSECT......Page 265
Organic Geochemistry......Page 267
Inorganic Geochemistry......Page 269
Manganese-rich Sediments and Deposits......Page 271
DISCUSSION......Page 272
Radiolarian productivity and events......Page 274
NORTHWEST AUSTRALIAN RECORD AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR RE-CONSTRUCTION OF THE GLOBAL PALEOEVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF MID-CRETACEOUS BLACK SHALE FORMATION......Page 276
REFERENCES......Page 280
INTRODUCTION......Page 284
Biostratigraphy......Page 285
Lithology......Page 290
Geochemistry......Page 291
Lithology......Page 292
Biostratigraphy......Page 294
Iridium and Nannofossils......Page 297
Biostratigraphy......Page 298
SUMMARY......Page 300
REFERENCES......Page 301
INTRODUCTION......Page 304
Upper Triassic Fluvio-Deltaic Sediments on the WombatPlateau......Page 306
Aptian-Albian Coaly Sediments and Black Shales......Page 308
The CenomanianlTuronian Boundary Event......Page 310
Eocene Diarnictites in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica......Page 311
Effects of Miocene Uplift and Erosion of the Himalayas......Page 312
Organic matter in sediments on the Owen Ridge.......Page 314
SUMMARY......Page 315
REFRENCES......Page 317
INTRODUCTION......Page 319
STRATEGIES, MATERIALS, AND  METHODS......Page 321
CARBONATE ACCUMULATION ON NINETYEAST AND BROKEN RIDGES LEG 121 RESULTS......Page 326
CARBONATE AC CUMULATION IN THE SOUTHEN OCEAN _ KERGUELEN PLATEAU DATA FROM LEGG 119 AND 120......Page 329
The Paleogene......Page 331
The Early to Middle Miocene......Page 333
The Late Miocene to Recent......Page 334
History of Carbonate Compensation Changes......Page 336
CONCLUSIONS......Page 337
REFERENCES......Page 338
INTRODUCTION......Page 342
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL FRAMEWORK......Page 344
PERCENT OPAL DATA......Page 347
EOCENE/OLIGOCENE TRANSITION......Page 350
LATE MIDDLE MIOCENE TO LATE MIOCENE CHANGES IN  OPAL SEDIMENTATION......Page 352
SUMMARY......Page 354
REFERENCES......Page 355
INTRODUCTION......Page 357
BACKGROUND AND PREVIOUS WORK......Page 359
Northwestern Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea......Page 360
Southern Indian Ocean; Kerguelen Plateau......Page 361
Ninetyeast Ridge......Page 364
CHRONOSTRAGRAPHY......Page 368
STABLIE IS OTOPE RECONSTRUCTIONS: APPROACH AND PRINCIPAL RESULTS......Page 373
PaleocenelEocene 45-65 Ma......Page 374
Eocene-Oligocene 2.5-45 Ma......Page 375
Miocene 5 - 25 Ma......Page 377
DEEP SEA PALEOTEMPERATURES AND GLOBAL ICE VOLUME......Page 379
DEEP AND INTERMEDIATE WATER PALEOCIRCULATION......Page 383
Katz and Miller [1991]......Page 385
SUMMARY......Page 386
REFERENCES......Page 387
DETERMINATION OF SEDIMENT FLUXES......Page 392
TERRIGENOSU SED IMENT FLUX......Page 395
TEMPORAL PA TTERN OF SEDIMENT FLUX AND POSSIBLE CONTROLLING FACTORS......Page 396
REFERENCES......Page 405
INTRODUCTION......Page 408
BACKGROUND......Page 409
General approach......Page 410
Biostratigraphy......Page 411
Depth to Age Conversions......Page 416
Target Projects......Page 418
Hiatuses......Page 419
VOLCANOGENIC SEDIMENTS......Page 422
REFERENCES......Page 425
History of Antarctic Glaciation: An Indian Ocean Perspective......Page 428
INTRODUCTION......Page 429
Evidence from the continental shelf......Page 436
Evidence from Kerguelen Plateau......Page 439
Evidence from the continental shelf......Page 443
Evidence from Kerguelen Plateau......Page 444
When did the Anarctic glaciation begin?......Page 446
Was the ice sheet a permanent feature?......Page 447
How does the ice sheet react on greenhouse warming?......Page 448
REFERENCES......Page 449
Evolution and Variability of the Indian Ocean Summer Monsoon: Evidence from the Western Arabian Sea Drilling Program......Page 452
Orography of Himalaya-Tibet......Page 454
Solar Radiation......Page 455
MONSOONR ESPONSAEN D THE GEOLOGIRCE CORD......Page 457
Biogenic Sediment Composition......Page 459
Terrigenous Composition......Page 461
Orbital Scale Variations......Page 463
Neogene Scale Variatiom......Page 467
SUMMARAY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 469
REFERENC......Page 471
Appendix 1......Page 475
REFERENCES......Page 479