Nanopharmaceuticals: Expectations and Realities of Multifunctional Drug Delivery Systems: Volume 1: Expectations and Realities of Multifunctional Drug Delivery Systems

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Nanopharmaceuticals: Expectations and Realities of Multifunctional Drug Delivery Systems Volume 1
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Contributors
Preface
1 - Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN): prediction of toxicity, metabolism, fate and physicochemical properties
	1. Introduction
	2. Toxicity profiling
	3. Physicochemical properties
		3.1 Encapsulation parameters
		3.2 Particle size
		3.3 Zeta potential
		3.4 Particle morphology
		3.5 Differential scanning calorimetry
		3.6 Stability of formulations and release profile
	4. Administration routes and drug bioavailability
		4.1 Topical and dermal routes
		4.2 Ocular delivery
		4.3 Oral administration
		4.4 Parenteral administration
		4.5 Nasal and pulmonary delivery
	5. Conclusions
	Abbreviations
	Acknowledgments
	References
2 - Role of nanocarriers and their surface modification in targeting delivery of bioactive compounds
	1. Bioactive compounds as promising therapeutic agents
		1.1 Curcuma sp
		1.2 Zingiber officinale
		1.3 Silybum marianum L
		1.4 Gnetum gnemon
		1.5 Physalis angulata
	2. Complexity of bioactive compounds
	3. Biological barriers
		3.1 Physical barriers
		3.2 Biochemical barriers
	4. Nanocarrier: a strategy to overcome biological barriers
		4.1 Lipid-based nanocarrier systems
			4.1.1 Liposomes
			4.1.2 Nanoemulsions
			4.1.3 Solid lipid nanoparticles
	5. Safe-by-design bioactive-loaded nanocarrier system development
	6. Cellular uptake capability of bioactive-loaded nanocarrier system
	7. Surface modification of nanocarriers
	8. Biokinetic profile of bioactive-loaded nanocarriers
	9. Challenges of bioactive-loaded nanocarrier to clinical translation
		9.1 Patents on herbal nanoparticles for breast cancer
	10. Conclusion
	References
3 - Polymeric nanomicelles as versatile tool for multidrug delivery in chemotherapy
	1. Introduction
	2. Micelles, principles and characterization
		2.1 Preparation methods
		2.2 Characterization techniques
		2.3 Drug-loading methods
	3. Polymeric micelles for codelivery of chemotherapeutics
		3.1 Codelivery of chemotherapeutics to overcome multidrug resistance
			3.1.1 Codelivery of chemotherapeutics and chemosensitizers
			3.1.2 Codelivery of chemotherapeutics and downregulating gene agents
		3.2 Codelivery of chemotherapeutics to achieve synergistic effects by methods other than effects on MDR
		3.3 Codelivery of chemotherapeutics to mitigate side effects
	4. Stimuli-responsive codelivery of polymeric micelles
		4.1 pH-sensitive codelivery systems
		4.2 Redox-sensitive codelivery systems
	5. Targeted codelivery of polymeric micelles
	6. Application of polymeric micelles in codelivery for multiple therapies
		6.1 Chemo-immunotherapy
		6.2 Chemo-angiogenic therapy
		6.3 Chemo-photothermal therapy
		6.4 Chemo-radiotherapy
		6.5 Chemo-enzyme prodrug therapy
	7. Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
4 - Nanoparticulate systems for wound healing
	1. Introduction
	2. Lipid-based nanoparticles
		2.1 Liposomes
		2.2 Penetration enhancer vesicles
		2.3 Ethosomes
		2.4 Transfersomes
		2.5 Nanoemulsions
		2.6 Solid lipid nanoparticles/Nanostructured lipid carriers
	3. Inorganic nanoparticles
		3.1 Silver (Ag) nanoparticles
		3.2 Gold (Au) nanoparticles
		3.3 Metal oxide nanoparticles
			3.3.1 Zinc oxide nanoparticles
			3.3.2 Iron oxide nanoparticles
			3.3.3 Cerium oxide nanoparticles
			3.3.4 Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
		3.4 Copper (Cu) nanoparticles
		3.5 Silicon nanoparticles
		3.6 Selenium nanoparticles
	4. Conclusions
	References
5. Solid dispersions: technologies used and future outlook
	1. Introduction
	2. Classification of solid dispersions
		2.1 First generation
		2.2 Second generation
		2.3 Third generation
		2.4 Fourth generation
		2.5 Fifth generation
	3. Structure-based classification of solid dispersion
		3.1 Solid solutions
		3.2 Glass solution
		3.3 Eutectic mixtures
	4. Drug release mechanism from SDs
	5. Applications of SDs
	6. Challenges in SD development
	7. Techniques for solid dispersions generation
		7.1 Solvent evaporation method
			7.1.1 Spray drying
			7.1.2 Vacuum drying and rotatory evaporation
			7.1.3 Freeze drying (lyophilization)
			7.1.4 Cryogenic processing
			7.1.5 Supercritical fluid technology
			7.1.6 Coprecipitation method
			7.1.7 Electrostatic spinning
			7.1.8 Fluid-bed coating
		7.2 Melting method
			7.2.1 Hot melt extrusion
			7.2.2 Melt agglomeration
			7.2.3 KinetiSol technique
		7.3 Melting-solvent method
	8. Future outlook
	9. Conclusion
	Abbreviations
	References
6 - Nanotoxicity: the impact of increasing drug bioavailability
	1. Introduction
	2. Nanomedicines, absorption and theranostics
	3. Risk assessment process
	4. In vitro toxicity
	5. In vitro assay interferences
	6. Genotoxicity
	7. Immunotoxicity
	8. Dermal toxicity
	9. Nephrotoxicity
	10. Liver toxicity
	11. Brain toxicity
	12. Prediction in vivo of human response to nanomaterials
	13. ADME model
	14. Organ-on-chip systems
	15. Whole-animal models
	16. Regulation of nanotechnology products
	17. Conclusions and perspectives
	References
7. Nanoparticle-based vaccines: opportunities and limitations
	1. Chapter outline
		1.1 Introduction
		1.2 Immune responses after vaccination
		1.3 Types of NPs used to deliver vaccines
		1.4 Liposomes
		1.5 Virus-like particles
		1.6 Metal and nonmetal inorganic NPs
		1.7 Polymeric NPs
		1.8 NP-investing companies and clinical trials
		1.9 Nanocytotoxicity
	2. Conclusion
	References
8. Lipid nanocarriers for delivery of poorly soluble and poorly permeable drugs
	1. Introduction
	2. Biopharmaceutics Classification System—implications for drug delivery
	3. Classification and composition of lipid nanocarriers for oral drug delivery
	4. Types of lipid nanocarriers for oral drug delivery
		4.1 Vesicular lipid nanocarriers
		4.2 Nonvesicular lipid nanocarriers
	5. Solubility and permeability enhancement strategies by lipid nanocarriers
	6. Mechanisms of interaction of lipid nanocarriers with cell membranes
	7. Conclusion and future perspectives
	References
9. Nose-to-brain drug delivery: an alternative approach for effective brain drug targeting
	1. Introduction
	2. Common brain disorders
		2.1 Alzheimer disease
		2.2 Parkinson disease
		2.3 Migraine
		2.4 Schizophrenia
		2.5 Autism
		2.6 Cerebral palsy
		2.7 Meningitis
		2.8 Myasthenia gravis
		2.9 Stroke
	3. Anatomy of the nasal cavity
	4. Nose-to-brain drug transport pathways
		4.1 Neuronal pathway
			4.1.1 Olfactory nerve pathway
			4.1.2 Trigeminal sensory nerve pathway
		4.2 Vascular pathway
	5. Strategies to enhance nasal absorption
		5.1 Permeation enhancers
		5.2 Enzyme inhibitor
	6. Novel drug delivery approaches
		6.1 Polymeric nanoparticles
		6.2 Lipidic nanoparticles
		6.3 Inorganic nanoparticles
		6.4 Liposomes
		6.5 Nanoemulsions
		6.6 Dendrimers
	7. Recent advancements in the clinical trials of nanoparticles via the nose-to-brain delivery
	8. Summary
	Acknowledgments
	References
10. Trends in the intellectual property (IP) landscape of drug delivery systems: 30 years of growth and evolution
	1. Introduction
	2. Overview of the IP landscape for drug delivery systems
		2.1 Industry trends
		2.2 Technology trends
	3. Trends in oral drug delivery IP
		3.1 Overall trends in oral drug delivery IP
		3.2 Trends in oral drug delivery technologies
		3.3 Trends in disease areas and pharmaceutical substances
	4. Trends in topical drug delivery IP
		4.1 Overall trends in topical drug delivery IP
		4.2 Trends in topical drug delivery technologies
		4.3 Trends in disease areas and pharmaceutical substances
	5. Trends in parenteral drug delivery IP
		5.1 Overall trends in parenteral drug delivery IP
		5.2 Trends in parenteral drug delivery technologies
		5.3 Trends in disease areas and pharmaceutical substances
	6. Emerging trends in drug delivery IP
	7. IP monitoring strategies
	8. Conclusion
		8.1 About CAS
	References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	V
	W
	Z
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