Sustainable Urban Tourism in Sub-Saharan Africa: Risk and Resilience

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of tables
List of figures
List of contributors
Acknowledgements
Preface
Chapter 1: Urban risk and tourism in AfricaAn overview
	1 Introduction
	2 Contextualising urbanisation, urban risk and tourism
	3 Urban risk and tourism in sub-Saharan Africa: The state of knowledge
	4 The knowledge gap on urban risk and urban tourism
	5 Structure of the book
	References
Theme 1: Urban tourism and environmental pollution risks
	Chapter 2: Examining ‘toxic tourism’ as a new form of alternative urban tourism and environmental justiceThe case of the South Durban Industrial Basin, South Africa
		1 Introduction
		2 Linking toxic tourism to township tourism for environmental justice
		3 Environmental justice and toxic tourism in South Durban
		4 Methodology
		5 Results
		6 Discussion, conclusion and recommendations
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 3: Waste management and urban risk in Livingstone City, ZambiaThe sustainability of the hospitality sector
		1 Introduction
		2 Sustainability and tourism
			2.1 Tourism activities and tourism waste
		3 Methodological underpinnings
			3.1 Study setting
			3.2 Research approach, data collection and analysis
		4 Results and discussion
			4.1 Waste management in Livingstone
			4.2 Disposal of waste by the hospitality sector
				4.2.1 Accommodation waste from toiletries and cleaning agents
				4.2.2 Furniture and linen
				4.2.3 Food and beverage
				4.2.4 Plastic bags, styrofoam, tetra packs and office waste
				4.2.5 Challenges of waste recycling
			4.3 Moving towards reduced urban risk for sustainable urban tourism in Zambia
		5 Conclusions
		Note
		References
	Chapter 4: The political economy of unplanned urban sprawl, waste and tourism development in Ghana
		1 Introduction
		2 Political economy of urban sprawl
		3 Waste management risks and tourism
		4 Urban waste and tourism development
		5 Conclusions
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 5: Environmental risk management and township tourism development in Alexandra, Johannesburg, South Africa
		1 Introduction
			1.1 Exploring environmental risks in Alexandra
		2 The relationship between urbanisation, environmental risk management and township tourism
		3 Research method and design
		4 Results
			4.1 Competing land use: Housing or tourism businesses
			4.2 The risk of waste on township tourism
			4.3 Environmental risk management and township tourism development
		5 Discussion and conclusion
		References
Theme 2: Peace tourism, battlefields and war risks
	Chapter 6: Mega sports events and urban risks2010 FIFA World Cup, the African bid and xenophobic violence
		1 Introduction
		2 “African” World Cup
		3 May 2008 xenophobic attacks
		4 The mega event and xenophobic threats
		5 The government response
		6 Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 7: Election risk and urban tourism in sub-Saharan African citiesExploring peace through tourism in Harare, Zimbabwe
		1 Introduction
		2 The nexus between peace and tourism
		3 Methodology
		4 Cities, peace and tourism
		5 Zimbabwe crisis, Harare and peace
		6 Moving towards peace tourism in Harare
			6.1 Human rights and the rule of law
			6.2 Peace museum in Harare
			6.3 Peace music concerts
			6.4 Liberation routes
		7 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 8: The role of responsible tourism in peace-building and social inclusion in war-risk citiesEvidence from Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
		1 Introduction
		2 The nexus between responsible tourism, peace-building and social inclusion
		3 Methodology
		4 Understanding urban tourism in Goma
			4.1 The potential of urban tourism in Goma
			4.2 The challenges of responsible tourism in Goma
			4.3 Resilience of urban tourism in an economy of crises
		5 Moving towards responsible urban tourism in Goma
			5.1 A responsible tourism for peace-building and social inclusion
			5.2 Safe haven due to peacekeeping and humanitarian presence
			5.3 Replacement of a mineral-trafficking economy with a legal, diversified economy
			5.4 Recommendations for Africa
		6 Conclusion
		References
Theme 3: Tourism, climate change and flood risks
	Chapter 9: Factors influencing tourism accommodations’ lack of preparedness for flooding in Lagos, Nigeria
		1 Introduction
		2 Flooding in tourist accommodations: Impacts and preparedness
		3 Study areas and methodology
			3.1 Snapshot of Lagos State
			3.2 Methodology
		4 Results
			4.1 Tourism and urban development in Lagos
		5 Factors undermining tourism establishments from preparing for flooding
			5.1 Historical narratives
			5.2 Lack of human and financial capital
			5.3 Failure to utilise nonstructural measures
			5.4 Lack of cohesion among tourist accommodation operators
		6 Conclusion and recommendations
		References
	Chapter 10: Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for tourism hotspots Mombasa and Cape Town
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Interconnections between climate and tourism
		10.3 Tourism and climate trends: Mombasa, Kenya
			10.3.1 Policy context
		10.4 Tourism and climate trends: Cape Town, South Africa
			10.4.1 Policy context
		10.5 Analysing policy integration and mainstreaming
		10.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: Risk of floods impacting tourism in the coastal cities of West AfricaA case study of Accra, Ghana
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Impact of floods and urban tourism
		11.3 Description of study site
		11.4 Research methods
		11.5 Results and discussion
			11.5.1 Overview of flood disaster events in Accra
			11.5.2 Urban tourism resources at risk of flood disasters in Accra
			11.5.3 Direct and indirect impact of floods on tourism
			11.5.4 Management of urban tourism flood risk and challenges
		11.6 Implications of flood risks for future urban tourism
		11.7 Conclusions and recommendations
		References
	Chapter 12: The nexus of climate change and urban tourism in South AfricaTriaging challenges and optimising opportunities
		12.1 Introduction
			12.1.1 Tourism, environment and human society
			12.1.2 Profile of South Africa’s tourism sector
			12.1.3 Study setting
		12.2 Methodology
			12.2.1 Research design
			12.2.2 Case study
			12.2.3 Literature review as a methodological approach
			12.2.4 Data interpretation
		12.3 Results and discussion
		12.4 Threats and adaptation strategies
			12.4.1 Rising temperatures and beach tourism
			12.4.2 Drought in Cape Town
			12.4.3 Sanitation and health
			12.4.4 Powering urban tourism with alternative energy
			12.4.5 Storms and fires
			12.4.6 Opportunities
		12.5 Conclusion
		References
Theme 4: Inclusive urban tourism and enclaves
	Chapter 13: Human settlements and tourism development in Kenya: Prospects for tackling urban risks in informal settlements
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Informal settlements, urban risk and tourism
		13.3 Methodology
		13.4 Kenya’s policy and strategy on informal settlements
		13.5 Informal settlements, urban risks and tourism in Kenya
		13.6 Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	Chapter 14: Conservation tourism challenges and opportunities on the Cape Flats, South Africa
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Background
			14.2.1 Conservation through a political ecology lens
			14.2.2 Conservation tourism in Cape Town: Urban resilience and risk
			14.2.3 Recent conservation legislation and SDGs
			14.2.4 The Cape Flats: Four case studies
				14.2.4.1 Driftsands Nature Reserve
				14.2.4.2 Macassar Dunes Conservation Area
				14.2.4.3 Wolfgat Nature Reserve
				14.2.4.4 Edith Stephens Wetland Park
		14.3 Methodology
		14.4 Findings
			14.4.1 Risk factors and resilience factors
			14.4.2 Key spatial variables
				14.4.2.1 Tourism value
				14.4.2.2 Location
				14.4.2.3 Accessibility
				14.4.2.4 Association
		14.5 Discussion: Turning risk into resilience
		14.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 15: Resilience, inclusiveness and challenges of cosmopolitan cities’ heritage tourismThe case of the balancing rocks in Epworth, Harare
		Introduction
		Overview of urban heritage tourism
		Urban heritage tourism and an adaptive management approach
		Geo study site – Chiremba balancing rocks (CBRs)
		Methods
		Results and discussion
			Resilience of urban heritage tourism amid socioeconomic and political headwinds
			Inclusion of urban communities in urban heritage tourism
			Multifaceted challenges confronting the CBRs as an urban heritage tourism site
			Future prospects and intervening restorative mechanisms
		Conclusion and recommendations
		References
	Chapter 16: Prospects and challenges of sustainable urban tourism in WindhoekPoverty, inequality and urban risks linkages
		16.1 Intoduction
		16.2 The links between tourism, poverty and inequality reduction
		16.3 Fundamentals of urban risk, tourism development and resilience in SSA
		16.4 Study context and methods
		16.5 Findings
			16.5.1 The prospects and challenges of urban tourism development in Windhoek
				16.5.1.1 Prospects for urban tourism development
				16.5.1.2 Progress made and remaining challenges in urban tourism development
		16.6 Conclusion and recommendations
		Note
		References
	Chapter 17: Conclusion: Navigating urban tourism amidst environmental, political and social risks
		17.1 Snapshot
		17.2 The future of sustainable urban tourism in sub-Saharan Africa
		References
Index