Sustainable Management of Soil Organic Matter

Contents......Page 5
Contributors......Page 11
Preface......Page 19
Introduction......Page 21
1 Organic Matter and Sustainability......Page 29
1.1 Critical Levels of Soil Organic Matter: the Evidence for England and Wales......Page 43
1.2 FT-IR Studies on Soil Organic Matter from Long-term Field Experiments......Page 54
2 Modelling Soil Organic Matter Dynamics – Global Challenges......Page 63
2.1 Soil Organic Matter Sustainability and Agricultural Management – Predictions at the Regional Level......Page 74
2.2 Modelling of Carbon Dynamics in a Rural Area of Central Germany......Page 80
2.3 Modelling Variation in C and N Loss and Effects on N Mineralization After Grassland Ploughing Over a Catchment......Page 87
2.4 Modelling Decomposition of Sugarcane Surface Residues and the Impact on Simulated Yields......Page 94
2.5 Questionable Assumptions in Current Soil Organic Matter Transformation Models......Page 103
2.6 A Procedure for Isolating Soil Organic Matter Fractions Suitable for Modelling......Page 110
3 Soil Organic Matter Management: The Roles of Residue Quality in C Sequestration and N Supply......Page 117
3.1 Crop Residue Effects on Soil C and N Cycling under Sugarcane......Page 132
3.2 Effect of Residue Quality on N2O Emissions from Tropical Soils......Page 140
3.3 Evaluation of the Soil Organic Matter Dynamics Model MOTOR, for Predicting N Immobilization/Mineralization Following Field Incorporation of Paper Mill Sludge in a Horticultural Soil......Page 146
3.4 Organic Matter Management in Practice – The Potential to Reduce Pollution......Page 155
3.5 Carbon and Nitrogen Losses after Ploughing out Grass and Grass–Clover Swards......Page 162
3.6 Fate and Behaviour of Organic Contaminants During Composting of Municipal Biowaste......Page 170
3.7 The Impact of Changing Farming Practices on Soil Organic Matter and Soil Structural Stability of Fen Silt Soils......Page 177
3.8 Crop Management Systems to Conserve Soil Fertility After Long-term Setaside in Southern Italy......Page 183
3.9 Modelling Traditional Manuring Practices in the North Atlantic Context: Soil Sustainability of a Shetland Island Community?......Page 193
3.10 Organic Matter and Anthrosols in Amazonia: Interpreting the Amerindian Legacy......Page 200
3.11 Persistence of Soil Organic Matter in Archaeological Soils (Terra Preta) of the Brazilian Amazon Region......Page 210
3.12 Organic Matter Dynamics in Soils of the Former Lake Texcoco, Mexico......Page 215
3.13 Low-input Ecological Rice Farming in Bangladesh......Page 221
3.14 The Influence of Cultivation on the Composition and Properties of Clay–Organic Matter Associations in Soils......Page 227
3.15 The Influence of a Grass–Clover Mixture on Soil Organic Matter and Aggregation of a Podzolic Loamy Sand Soil......Page 234
4 The Role of Soil Organic Matter and Manures in Sustainable Nutrient Cycling......Page 241
4.1 Can Concepts of N Saturation Developed for Forest Systems be Applied in Arable Soils?......Page 253
4.2 Nitrogen Mineralization Under Bare Soils After the Destruction of Grazed Pastures......Page 259
4.3 Dissolved Organic Nitrogen in a Peaty Podzol: Influence of Temperature and Vegetation Cover......Page 267
4.4 Dissolved Organic Nutrients (N, P and S) in Shallow Forest Soils: Fluxes and Spectroscopic Characterization......Page 276
4.5 Dissolved Organic Carbon Losses from Grazed Grasslands......Page 284
4.6 Effects of Sterilization and Incubation Temperature on Formation and Quality of Dissolved Organic Matter in Soils......Page 294
4.7 Nitrogen Fluxes Through Sustainable Farming Systems in the Mid-hills of Nepal......Page 300
4.8 N, P and K Budgets for Some UK Organic Farming Systems – Implications for Sustainability......Page 306
4.9 The Effects of All-arable Organic Rotations on Soil Organic Matter Levels and the Phosphorus and Potassium Status Over the Period 1987–1998......Page 314
4.10 Manure Fertilization for Soil Organic Matter Maintenance and its Effects Upon Crops and the Environment, Evaluated in a Long-term Trial......Page 321
4.11 Effect of Elevated CO2 and Temperature on Soil C and N Cycling......Page 329
4.12 Interactions Between Elevated CO2 and N in Soils: Influence on N2O Fluxes and Rhizosphere Denitrifier Activity......Page 336
4.13 Carbon Mitigation Options in Agriculture: Improving our Estimates for Kyoto......Page 344
4.14 Soils and Soil Organic Matter Along a Transect from Central Taiga to Forest Tundra, Siberia......Page 350
4.15 Carbon Dynamics in Upland Soils after Serious Fires......Page 357
5 Implications of Soil Biodiversity for Sustainable Organic Matter Management......Page 363
5.1 Microbial Catabolic Evenness: A Potential Integrative Indicator of Organic Matter Management?......Page 377
5.2 ‘DOK’ Long-term Farming Systems Trial: Microbial Biomass, Activity and Diversity Affect the Decomposition of Plant Residues......Page 383
5.3 Comparison of Phenotypic, Functional and Genetic Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Soils......Page 390
5.4 Organic Matter in Restored Soils as Affected by Earthworms and Land Use......Page 397
5.5 Rhizosphere Effects on Soil Microbial Biomass Size and Turnover in a Soil of High and Low Fertility......Page 406
6 Soil Teeming with Life: New Frontiers for Soil Science......Page 413
6.1 Sustaining Soil Organic Matter......Page 433
Index......Page 447