Sustainable Light Concrete Structures (Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering)

Preface
Acknowledgement
Contents
About the Authors
Notations
1 History
	1.1 Ancient Building Materials
		1.1.1 Gypsum and Limestone Mortar
		1.1.2 Ancient Concrete
	1.2 Ancient Structures
		1.2.1 Walls
		1.2.2 Arches and Vaults
		1.2.3 Cupolas
		1.2.4 Roman Reinforced Concrete Structures
	References
2 Materials
	2.1 Heavy Concrete
		2.1.1 Ordinary Concrete
		2.1.2 High-Strength Concrete
	2.2 Light Concrete
		2.2.1 Light Aggregate Concrete
		2.2.2 Foam Concrete
		2.2.3 Aerated Concrete
		2.2.4 Pervious Concrete
	2.3 Reinforcement
		2.3.1 Slack Steel Bars
		2.3.2 Prestressing Steel
		2.3.3 Slack Carbon Fibre Reinforcement
		2.3.4 Prestressed Carbon Fibre Reinforcement
	References
3 Super-Light Structures
	3.1 Super-Light Theory
		3.1.1 Minimal Structures
		3.1.2 Super-Light Principle
		3.1.3 Benefits and Goals
	3.2 Direct Engineering
		3.2.1 Direct Engineering Principle
		3.2.2 Lower Bound Solutions
	References
4 Slabs and Beams
	4.1 SL-Decks
		4.1.1 Prototypes of Super-Light Deck Elements
		4.1.2 Mass Produced SL-Decks
		4.1.3 Fire Resistance of SL-Decks
		4.1.4 Sound Insulation of SL-Decks
		4.1.5 Sound Damping of SL-Decks
	4.2 Super-Light Deck Details
		4.2.1 Fixed End Connections
		4.2.2 Connection to Balcony
		4.2.3 Connection to Column
		4.2.4 Safety Handrails
		4.2.5 Services in SL-Decks
		4.2.6 Blade Connections
	4.3 Beamless Super-Light Decks
		4.3.1 Principle of Beamless Decks
		4.3.2 Moment Distribution in Beamless Decks
		4.3.3 Design for Disassembly
	4.4 Light Concrete Slabs
		4.4.1 Massive Light Concrete Slabs
		4.4.2 Sandwich Slabs
	4.5 Super-Light Concrete Beams
		4.5.1 Rectangular Super-Light Beams
		4.5.2 Super-Light Beam System for Halls
	References
5 Columns and Walls
	5.1 Light Concrete Columns and Walls with Uniform Cross-Section
		5.1.1 Centrally Loaded Light Concrete Columns and Walls
		5.1.2 Eccentrically Loaded Uncracked Columns and Walls
		5.1.3 Columns and Walls with Plastic Compression
		5.1.4 Beam-Columns and Cracked Walls
		5.1.5 Design of Columns and Walls—Summary
	5.2 Examples Columns and Walls with Uniform Cross-Section
		5.2.1 Example of a Tested Column
		5.2.2 Super-Light Wall Design
		5.2.3 Example Sandwich Wall
		5.2.4 Example Wall and Column with Circular Light Cores
	5.3 Light Concrete Columns and Walls with Entasis
		5.3.1 Centrally Loaded Columns and Walls with Entasis
		5.3.2 Example of a Column with Entasis
	References
6 Pearl-Chain Structures
	6.1 Pearl-Chains
		6.1.1 Pearl-Chain Principle
		6.1.2 Prestressing
		6.1.3 Pearl-Chain Elements
	6.2 Pearl-Chain Applications
		6.2.1 Pearl-Chain Arches
		6.2.2 Integrated Pearl-Chains
		6.2.3 Cross-Stringer Structures
		6.2.4 Integrated Edge-Beams
		6.2.5 Tension Ties
		6.2.6 Drilled Tension Ties
	References
7 Arch Bridges and Vaults
	7.1 Arches
		7.1.1 Arch Principle
		7.1.2 Arch Shapes
	7.2 Pearl-Chain Arches
		7.2.1 Pearl-Chain Arch Bridges
		7.2.2 Long Span Pearl-Chain Arch Bridges
		7.2.3 Half-Arch Structures
	7.3 Pearl-Chain Sandwich Arches and Vaults
		7.3.1 Pearl-Chain Sandwich Arches
		7.3.2 Sandwich Arch Bridges
		7.3.3 Cassette Sandwich Arches
		7.3.4 Lattice Effects in Sandwich Arches
		7.3.5 Shear Wall Sandwich Arches
	References
8 Shells
	8.1 Shell Structures
		8.1.1 Shell Structures
		8.1.2 New Possibilities
	8.2 Cupolas
		8.2.1 Cupolas
		8.2.2 Element Cupolas
		8.2.3 Cupola Design
		8.2.4 Cupola Element Design Example
		8.2.5 Half Cupolas
		8.2.6 Torus Part Shells
	8.3 Modular Shells
		8.3.1 Modular Shell Structures
		8.3.2 A Modular Shell System
	8.4 Hyperbolic Shells
		8.4.1 Hyperbolic Shells
		8.4.2 Hyperbolic Element Shells
	8.5 Tubes
		8.5.1 Tubular Structures
		8.5.2 Tunnels
		8.5.3 Drilled Tunnels
		8.5.4 Immersed Tunnels
		8.5.5 Floating Tunnels
	8.6 Floating Structures
		8.6.1 Floating Structures
		8.6.2 Sub-Water Cast Floating Structures
		8.6.3 Concrete Ships
	References
9 Structural Detailing
	9.1 Anchorage
		9.1.1 Anchorage Basics
		9.1.2 Splitting Strength
		9.1.3 Bond Strength
		9.1.4 Anchorage Summary
	9.2 Separable Joints
		9.2.1 Lime Mortar Joints
	9.3 Hinges and Weak Zones
		9.3.1 Concrete Hinges
		9.3.2 Tests of Concrete Hinges
		9.3.3 Weak Zones Guiding Forces and Locating Fracture
		9.3.4 Super-Light Concrete Hinges
	References
10 Sustainability
	10.1 Environmental Impact
		10.1.1 Systematic CO2 Assessment
	10.2 CO2 from Materials
		10.2.1 Concrete
		10.2.2 Light Aggregate Concrete
		10.2.3 Pumice Concrete
		10.2.4 Foam Concrete
		10.2.5 Aerated Concrete
		10.2.6 Steel
		10.2.7 Recycled Steel
		10.2.8 Timber
		10.2.9 Other Materials
	10.3 CO2 from Processes and Transport
		10.3.1 CO2 from Heating
		10.3.2 CO2 from Transport
	10.4 CO2 from Building Components
		10.4.1 Building Components with 55 dB Sound Insulation
		10.4.2 Building Decks with 55 dB Sound Insulation
		10.4.3 Sand as Sound Insulator for Decks
		10.4.4 Building Walls with 55 dB Sound Insulation
		10.4.5 Building Components with Other Requirements
		10.4.6 Sustainability
	References
11 CO2 Data
	References