Sustainable Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Pollution Control

Contents
Microalgae for Treating Wastewater
	1 Introduction
	2 Industrial Wastewater
	3 Microalgae on Wastewater Treatment
	4 Parameters Influencing Microalgae-based Wastewater Treatment
		4.1 Light
		4.2 Temperature
		4.3 pH and Salinity
		4.4 Carbon Dioxide
		4.5 Nutrients
		4.6 Mixing
		4.7 Reactor Design
	5 Advantages of Microalgae-based Wastewater Treatment
	6 Conclusion
	References
Application of Membrane Technology Combined with Sequencing Batch Reactor for Treating Milk Wastewater
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Source of Milk Wastewater
		1.2 Characteritics of Milk Wastewater
		1.3 Treatment of Milk Wastewater
		1.4 Objective of the Work
	2 Technologies Applied to Milk Wastewater Treatment
		2.1 Biological Anaerobic Technology
		2.2 Biological Aerobic Technology
		2.3 Other Technology
	3 Development of SBR-MBR Technology for Milk Wastewater Treatment
		3.1 Operation of the SBR-MBR System
		3.2 Air Supply Flow for Treatment System
		3.3 Cultivation of the Activated Sludge
		3.4 Working Process of Experimental System
		3.5 Effect of Air Flowrate on System Performances
		3.6 Effect of Aeration Time on System Performance
	4 Operational Problems and Troubleshooting
		4.1 Sludge Foam on the Surface
		4.2 Sludge Floats on the Surface
		4.3 Hard-To-Settle Sludge
		4.4 System Interrupted or Intermittent Operation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Role of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment and Their Role in Nutrient Recovery
	1 Introduction
	2 Composition of Wastewater
	3 Conventional Sewage Treatment
	4 Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment: A Green Technology
	5 Removal of Nutrients
	6 Removal of Xenobiotic Compounds
	7 Removal of Heavy Metals
	8 Microalgae Culture and Harvesting Techniques
	9 Advantages of Using Microalgae
	10 Use of Harvested Microalgae
	11 Challenges
	References
Role of Microalgae in Integrated Wastewater Remediation and Valorization of Value-Added Compounds
	1 Introduction
	2 Microalgal Cultivation Systems
	3 Strategies for Microalgal Cultivation in Wastewater
		3.1 Dilution and Other Wastewater Pretreatments
		3.2 Wastewater Mixtures
		3.3 C/N and N/P Ratio
		3.4 CO2 as Carbon Source
		3.5 Light Intensity and Photoperiod
	4 Microalgal Nutrient Uptake Mechanisms
	5 Integrated Nutrient Removal and Wastewater Remediation by Microalgae
	6 Microalgal Remediation of Heavy Metal and Other Pollutants
	7 Valorization of Microalgal Biomass
		7.1 Production of Biofuel
		7.2 Production of Biofertilizer
		7.3 Production of Biochar
		7.4 Production of Other Value-Added Compounds Such as Food Supplements, Pigments, and Therapeutic Agents
	8 Limitations of Microalgal-Based Wastewater Treatment
	9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Plants and Microorganisms as Useful Tool for Accumulation and Detoxification of Heavy Metals from Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Plants and Heavy Metals
		2.1 Accumulation and Detoxification of Heavy  Metals By Plants
	3 Microorganisms and Heavy Metals
		3.1 Accumulation and Detoxification of Heavy Metals in Soils By Fungi
		3.2 Accumulation and Detoxification of Heavy Metals in Soils by Bacteria
		3.3 Accumulation and Detoxification of Heavy Metals in Water by Microorganisms
	4 Conclusions
	References
Hybrid Electrocoagulation and Ozonation Techniques for Industrial Wastewater Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Treatment Techniques for Wastewater Remediation
		2.1 Electrocoagulation Process (EC)
		2.2 Ozonation Process (O3)
	3 Hybrid Electrocoagulation Process for Wastewater Treatment
		3.1 Electrocoagulation—Membrane Distillation (EC-MD)
		3.2 Electrocoagulation—Membrane Bioreactor (EC-MBR)
		3.3 Electrocoagulation—Electrodialysis (EC-ED)
		3.4 Electrocoagulation—Biofiltration (EC-BF)
	4 Hybrid Ozonation Process for Wastewater Treatment
		4.1 Ozone—Hydrogen Peroxide (O3/H2O2)
		4.2 Ozone—UV Radiation (O3/UV)
		4.3 Ozone-Sonolysis (O3-US)
		4.4 Ozone-Catalysts
	5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
The Advancement of Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) in Industrial Effluent Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Membrane Bioreactors (MBR)
		2.1 Working Principle of MBR
		2.2 Role of Microorganism in MBR
		2.3 MBR Setup and Modes of Operation
	3 Application of MBR in Industrial Effluent Treatment
	4 Membrane Fouling
		4.1 Fouling and Control of Fouling
	5 Summary
	References
Nanofiltration Applications for Potable Water, Treatment, and Reuse
	1 Introduction
	2 Removal of Contaminants by Nanofiltration
		2.1 Removal of Heavy Metals
		2.2 Removal of Inorganic Contaminants
		2.3 Removal of Mixed Contaminants
	3 Conclusion
	References
Recent Advancements and Research Perspectives in Emerging and Advanced Wastewater Membrane Technologies
	1 Introduction
	2 Membrane Separation Processes
		2.1 Pressure Driven Membrane Separation Process
		2.2 Microfiltration Membranes
		2.3 Ultrafiltration Technology
		2.4 Nanofiltration Technology
		2.5 Reverse Osmosis
		2.6 Forward Osmosis
		2.7 Pervaporation
		2.8 Ion-Exchange‐Membrane Process
		2.9 Temperature-Driven Membrane Processes
		2.10 Membrane Distillation
		2.11 Liquid Membranes
	3 Application of Membrane Technology for Food Industry
	4 Conclusion
	References
Sequestration and Detoxification of Heavy Metals by Fungi
	1 Introduction
	2 Fungi from Different Ecological Niches Capable of Absorbing Heavy Metals
		2.1 Fungi from Wastewater and Sediment
		2.2 Fungi from Soil
		2.3 Endophytic Fungi
		2.4 Fungi from Other Sources
	3 Mechanisms of Heavy Metals Absorption
		3.1 Metal Uptake by Dead Biomass
		3.2 Metal Uptake by Live Biomass
	4 Factors Controlling Heavy Metals Absorption by Fungi
		4.1 Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)
		4.2 Temperature
		4.3 Contact Time
		4.4 Biomass Dosage
		4.5 Initial Metal Concentration
		4.6 Biosorbent Surface Area
		4.7 Examples on the Effect of Different Factors on Metals Biosorption
	5 New Technologies Using Fungi in Remediation of Heavy Metals
	6 Conclusion
	References
Advancements in Microbial Fuel Cell Technology
	1 Introduction
	2 Components of MFC
		2.1 Anode Chamber
		2.2 Cathode Chamber
		2.3 Membrane
	3 Application of MFC
	4 Challenges on Field-Scale Application of MFC
	5 Conclusion
	References
Challenges of Wastewater and Wastewater Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Sources of Wastewater
		2.1 Domestic Wastewater
		2.2 Municipal Wastewater
		2.3 Industrial Wastewater
	3 Wastewater Treatment Methods
		3.1 Biological Treatment
		3.2 Electrochemical Treatments
		3.3 Physiochemical Process
		3.4 Membrane Filtration Process
		3.5 Photocatalysis Process
		3.6 Nanotechnology
	4 Challenges of Wastewater Management
		4.1 Sanitations
		4.2 Legal Aspects
		4.3 Energy
		4.4 Sludge
		4.5 Reuse
	5 Conclusion
	References