Sustainable Geo-Technologies for Climate Change Adaptation (Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering)

Organization
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I Landslides and Slope Failures
1 Early Warning Practice for Shallow Landslides in Norway and Physical Modelling Strategies Supported by IoT-Based Monitoring
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 The Norwegian Landslide Forecasting and Warning Service
		1.2.1 Components
		1.2.2 Validation of the Service
	1.3 Physical-Based Modelling Strategies
		1.3.1 Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope Stability (TRIGRS)
	1.4 Case Study
		1.4.1 Landslide Susceptibility Assessment with TRIGRS
		1.4.2 Strategy to Adapt IoT-Based Monitoring in Physical-Based Modelling
	1.5 Conclusions
	References
2 Liquefaction-Induced Flow Failure of Gentle Slopes of Fines—Containing Loose Sands by Case Histories and Laboratory Tests
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Case Histories of Liquefaction Flow Failures in Gentle Slopes
		2.2.1 Residential Landfill in Sapporo During 2018 Hokkaido Iburi-East Earthquake
		2.2.2 Farm Landfill in Kitami During 2003 Tokachi-Oki Earthquake
		2.2.3 Similarity of the Two Case Histories
	2.3 Undrained Triaxial Tests on Sapporo Sand
		2.3.1 Cyclic Loading Response
		2.3.2 Monotonic Loading Response
	2.4 Flow Failure Mechanism
		2.4.1 Comparison with Torsional Shear Test
		2.4.2 Effect of Fines on Flow Failure During Cyclic Loading
		2.4.3 Possible Scenario for Hokkaido Flow Failure Cases
	2.5 Summary
	References
3 A Regional-Scale Analysis Based on a Combined Method for Rainfall-Induced Landslides and Debris Flows
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Methodology
	3.3 Modeling of Debris Flows in a Mountainous Area
		3.3.1 Study Area Description
		3.3.2 Modeling and Input Parameters
		3.3.3 Results and Discussion
	3.4 Conclusions
	References
4 Views on Recent Rainfall-Induced Slope Disasters and Floods
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Notes on Global Climate Change
		4.2.1 Intensity of Rainfall
		4.2.2 Temperature of Sea Water
		4.2.3 Historical Information on Temperature in Winter
		4.2.4 Sea Level Rise
	4.3 History of Rainfall-Induced Disasters in Japan from 1945 to 2020
		4.3.1 Rainfall Intensity that Caused Disasters
		4.3.2 Number of Damaged Houses During Rainfall Disasters
		4.3.3 Size of Flooded Area During Rainfall Disasters
	4.4 Vulnerability Indices for Rainfall-Induced Disasters
		4.4.1 Significance of Vulnerability Index
		4.4.2 Calculation of Vulnerability Indices Based on Number of Damaged Houses
		4.4.3 Calculation of Vulnerability Indices Based on Size of Inundated Area
		4.4.4 Trend of Vulnerability in the Twenty-First Century
	4.5 Reasons for Increasing Vulnerability
		4.5.1 What to Do
	4.6 Conclusion
	References
5 Appropriate Technology for Landslide and Debris Flow Mitigation in Thailand
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Types of Landslides
		5.2.1 Slope Failure
		5.2.2 Landslide
		5.2.3 Debris Flow
	5.3 General Landslide Mitigation Scheme
	5.4 Country Context that Affects Mitigation
		5.4.1 Right of Landowner
		5.4.2 Law Structure and Governance
		5.4.3 Economics
	5.5 Landslide and Debris Flow Mitigation in Thailand
		5.5.1 Multiway Warning System
		5.5.2 Rainfall Threshold
		5.5.3 Dynamic Landslide Hazard Mapping
		5.5.4 Community-Based Landslide Warning
	5.6 Triangle of Success
	5.7 Conclusions
	References
6 Slope Creep Instability in Krajang Lor Village, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia: Inducement and Developmental Prediction
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Soil Creep Intensity
	6.3 Methodology
		6.3.1 Field Investigation and Laboratory Testing
		6.3.2 Slope Stability Modeling Based on Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion
		6.3.3 Logarithmic Creep Modeling
	6.4 Results and Discussions
		6.4.1 Factors Inducing Soil Creep
		6.4.2 The Thickness of Creep Zone and Critical Slope Angles
		6.4.3 Developmental Creep Displacement
	6.5 Conclusions
	References
7 Application and Feedback Analysis of the Freeway Slope Maintenance Management System in Taiwan
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Slope Maintenance
	7.3 Management System
	7.4 A Case Example
	7.5 Conclusions
	References
Part II Characterization of Geo-Materials
8 Chemical and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymers Made of Industrial By-Products Such as Fly Ash, Steel Slags and Garbage Melting Furnace Slags
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Materials
		8.2.1 Preparation of Geopolymer Materials
		8.2.2 Chemical Compositions of Geopolymer Materials
		8.2.3 Making Geopolymer Samples
	8.3 Tests and Results
		8.3.1 Compression Tests
		8.3.2 Test Results
	8.4 Discussion
		8.4.1 Correlation Between ηopt and Chemical Compositions of Binders
		8.4.2 Correlation Between qumax and Ccas
		8.4.3 Shrinkage of Geopolymer Samples
		8.4.4 Relationship Between qumax and Density ρt for Geopolymer Sample and Natural Rock
	8.5 Conclusions
	References
9 Characteristics of Re-liquefaction Behaviors of the Typical Soils in the Aso Area of Kumamoto, Japan
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Test Conditions
		9.2.1 Test Materials
		9.2.2 Test Apparatus and Program
	9.3 Tests Results and Discussions
		9.3.1 Liquefaction Behaviors of Pure Volcanic Soil
		9.3.2 Liquefaction Behaviors of Kuroboku Removed Fines
		9.3.3 Liquefaction Behaviors of the Erupted Soil from the Sand Boiling Site
		9.3.4 Comparison of Liquefaction Behaviors Between Toyoura Sand, Kuroboku, and the Erupted Soil from the Sand Boiling Site
	9.4 Conclusions
	References
Part III Sustainable Development for Infrastructures
10 Sustainable Transport Infrastructure Adopting Energy-Absorbing Waste Materials
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Large-Scale Laboratory Tests
		10.2.1 Large-Scale Cubical Triaxial Tests
		10.2.2 Drop Hammer Impact Tests
	10.3 Finite Element Modelling of Using Waste Tyres in Tracks
	10.4 Field Test
	10.5 Conclusions
	References
11 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment: A Tool for Civil Engineering Research Prioritization and Project Decision Making
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 LCSA Methodology
		11.2.1 Background on LCSA
		11.2.2 Important Terminology
		11.2.3 LCSA for Research Evaluation and Advancement
	11.3 LCSA Example
		11.3.1 MICP Formulation Optimization at the Laboratory Scale
		11.3.2 Evaluation of Meter-Scale MICP Tests
		11.3.3 Development of BAU Benchmarks for Comparison to MICP
	11.4 Conclusions
	References
12 Role of the Indonesian Society for Geotechnical Engineering in the Development of Sustainable Earthquake-Resilience Infrastructure in the Recent Years
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Sedimentary Basin Effect in Seismic Hazard Map Design of Jakarta
	12.3 Jakarta City Risk Assessment
	12.4 Palu Earthquake Analysis and Report 2018
	12.5 Development and Updating of Standard on Seismic Load Design for Conventional Bridges in Indonesia
	12.6 Indonesian Earthquake Hazard Map 2017 Development
	12.7 Establishment of Nalodo Research Center
	12.8 Conclusions
	References
Part IV Adaptation to Climate Change-Induced Hazards
13 Climate Change-Induced Geotechnical Hazards in Asia: Impacts, Assessments, and Responses
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Recent Natural Disasters Caused by Climate Change
		13.2.1 Brief Review of Asian Natural Disasters
		13.2.2 Compound Disaster Importance (Yasuhara 2016a; Yasuhara et al. 2017)
	13.3 Recent Trends of Factors Triggering Sediment Disasters
		13.3.1 Influence of Climate Change
		13.3.2 Sediment Disaster and Precipitation (Yasuhara 2016a, Yasuhara et al. 2017)
		13.3.3 Earthquake Tendency
		13.3.4 Sediment Disaster Prediction
	13.4 Compound Disasters
		13.4.1 Compound Disasters Related to Sea-Level Rise
		13.4.2 Compound Disasters Related to Earthquakes (Yasuhara 2016a; Yasuhara et al. 2017)
	13.5 Response Measures: Geotechnical Adaptation Development
		13.5.1 Resilience Against Climate Change-Induced Disaster Risks
		13.5.2 From Rigid to Flexible Structures
		13.5.3 From Reactive to Proactive Measures
		13.5.4 Monitoring Importance
		13.5.5 Synergy of Mitigation with Adaptation
		13.5.6 Combined Green-Infrastructure with Grey-Infrastructure
		13.5.7 Utilization of Industrial By-Products
	13.6 Recommendation from Geotechnical Engineering
	13.7 Conclusion
	References
14 Effect of Vessel Waves on Riverbank Erosion: A Case Study of Mekong Riverbanks, Southern Vietnam
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Research Methods
		14.2.1 Monitoring the Ship-Generated Waves
		14.2.2 Experimental Jet Test
	14.3 Analysis Results
		14.3.1 Vessel Waves
		14.3.2 Analysis Result of Jet Test
	14.4 Discussion
	14.5 Conclusions
	References
15 Sustainability and Disaster Mitigation Through Cascaded Recycling of Waste Tires—Climate Change Adaptation from Geotechnical Perspectives
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Tire-Derived Geomaterials as a Drainage Material
		15.2.1 Large-Scale Triaxial Compression and Permeability Tests
		15.2.2 Test Results
	15.3 Performance of Gravel-Tire Chips Mixture Drains
		15.3.1 Test Cases and Test Producers
		15.3.2 Test Results
	15.4 Concluding Remarks
	References