Sustainable Energy: Towards a Zero-Carbon Economy using Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Catalysis

Front Cover
Sustainable Energy: Towards a Zero-Carbon Economy using Chemistry, Electrochemistry and Catalysis
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Introduction
	Energy production and the greenhouse effect
		Solar activity and global warming
		The greenhouse effect
	Greenhouse gases
		Water vapour
		Carbon dioxide
		Methane
		Nitrous oxide
		Ozone and chlorofluorocarbons
	Consequences of the greenhouse effect
	The sources of greenhouse gas emissions
Chapter 2: Traditional methods of producing, transmitting and using energy
	Introduction
	Coal
		Coal combustion for heating purposes
		Coal for power generation and the steam engine
		Coal for electricity generation
		Coal use in cement production
		Coal usage in iron and steel production
	Crude oil
	Natural gas
	Concluding remarks
Chapter 3: Less conventional energy sources
	Introduction
	Nuclear energy
	Geothermal energy
	Tidal energy
	Wave power
	Hydroelectric power
	Wind power
	Solar power
	Concluding remarks
Chapter 4: The production and uses of hydrogen
	Introduction
	The production of hydrogen from natural gas by steam reforming
	The production of hydrogen from natural gas by other methods
		Autoreforming
		Dry reforming of methane
		Methane pyrolysis
		Electrolysis of water
		The generation of hydrogen from biomass by various processes
		Comparison of hydrogen production costs for different processes
	Methanol production
	Production of fuels using the Fischer Tropsch process
	Production of ammonia
	Conclusions
Chapter 5: Biomass as a source of energy and chemicals
	Introduction
	Wood as a source of energy and paper
		The use of wood in paper production
		Paper recycling
	Non-traditional uses of biomass: First and second generation bio-refinery processes
		Organic residues and grasses
		Ethanol and bioethanol production
		Conversion of oil crops and oil-based residues to biodiesel and chemicals
		Fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic crops
		Gasification and pyrolysis of biomass
			Gasification
			Pyrolysis
		Other sources of biomass
			Seaweed and algae
			Microalgae
			Chitin
	Concluding remarks
Chapter 6: Transport
	Introduction
	Historical development of mechanically driven transport
	Exhaust emission control
	Hybrid vehicles
	Plug-in hybrid vehicles
	Battery electrical vehicles
	Fuel cell vehicles
	Concluding remarks
Chapter 7: Batteries, fuel cells and electrolysis
	Introduction
	The Volta pile, Faraday and the electrochemical series
	Half-cell EMFs and the electrochemical series
	The kinetics of electrochemical processes
	Electrochemical batteries
	Flow batteries
	Fuel cells
	Electrolysis
Chapter 8: The way forward: Net Zero
	Introduction
	Hydrogen production using renewable energy
	Fuel cells to be used for transportation purposes
	Solid oxide hydrolysis cells (SOECs) for hydrogen production and their use for the synthesis of green ammonia and methanol
		Green Ammonia
		Green Methanol
		Use of green hydrogen in steel production
		Use of green hydrogen in cement production
		Other areas for energy savings and for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
		Conclusions
Tailpiece
	Postscript
Index
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