Sustainable Energy Solutions for Remote Areas in the Tropics (Green Energy and Technology)

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Abbreviations
Introduction
	1 The Remote Tropics
	2 Scope and Outline of the Book
	References
The Energy Problems and Solutions in the Remote Tropics
Sustainable Cooking: Beyond the Cooking Problem with the Lens of Human-Centred Design
	1 Introduction
	2 The Cooking Problem
		2.1 Poverty Premium: Fairness?
		2.2 Women: The Victims of Time Poverty
	3 The Available Cookstoves in Indonesia
		3.1 Traditional Chimney-Installed Stoves
		3.2 Traditional Charcoal-Based Clean Cookstoves
		3.3 Traditional Wood-Based Clean Cookstoves
		3.4 Modern Wood-Based Clean Cookstoves
		3.5 Modern Pellet-Based Clean Cookstoves
	4 Lenses of Human-Centred Design Solutions from an Indonesian Case Study
		4.1 Clean Cookstoves Stakeholders in Indonesia
		4.2 Human-Centred Design for Clean Cookstoves Sector in Indonesia
	5 Conclusion
	References
Solar-Powered Cooling for the Remote Tropics
	1 The Need for Cooling
	2 Technologies to Solve the Problem
	3 Applications of the Technologies
		3.1 Refrigerator
		3.2 Containerised Cold Storage
		3.3 Ice Maker
		3.4 Air Conditioner
	4 Business Models
	5 Impact
	6 Future and More Sustainable Solutions
	References
Swarm Electrification: From Solar Home Systems to the National Grid and Back Again?
	1 Introduction
	2 The Technical System
	3 Overview of the Problem
	4 Proposal of New Categories
		4.1 Off-Grid
		4.2 Close-to-the-Grid
		4.3 Weak-on-Grid
	5 Technologies to Solve the Problem
	6 Applications of the Technology
	7 Business Models
		7.1 Microfinance …
		7.2 … and PAYG
	8 Swarm Electrification as the Future
	References
The Sustainability Dilemma of Solar Photovoltaic Mini-grids for Rural Electrification
	1 Introduction
	2 Technologies and Applications
	3 Operation Models
		3.1 Community-Based Model
		3.2 Utility Operator Model
		3.3 Private Operator Model
		3.4 Hybrid Operator Model
	4 Sustainability Challenges and Possible Solutions
		4.1 Is It Economically Viable?
		4.2 Is It Socially Acceptable?
		4.3 Is It Environmentally Sustainable?
	5 Conclusions
	References
Micro-hydro Power System
	1 Introduction
	2 The Role of Micro-hydro
	3 Implementation of a Micro-hydro Power System
		3.1 Planning and Feasibility Study
		3.2 Development of an MHP System
		3.3 The Use of MHP
	4 The Micro-hydro Power Plant System
		4.1 Intake Weir
		4.2 Headrace and Tailrace Canal
		4.3 Silt Basin
		4.4 Forebay
		4.5 Penstock
		4.6 Canal Crossing, Retaining Walls and Other Safety Features
		4.7 Turbines
		4.8 Governing
		4.9 Transmission
	5 Social Dimension in MHP
	6 The Economics of Micro-hydro Power System
	7 Case Study: MHP System in the Philippines
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Signing of the Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
		7.3 Community Engagement
		7.4 Social Mobilization
		7.5 Hydrologic Survey
		7.6 Groundbreaking Ceremony
		7.7 Building the Actual MHP System
		7.8 Sustainability and Benefits of the MHP Plant
		7.9 Capacity Building Programme
		7.10 Inauguration, Commissioning of the MHP Plant and Launching of Livelihood Projects
	8 Conclusion
	References
Tools Enabling the Solutions and Future Development
Assessment of Microgrid Potential in Southeast Asia Based on the Application of Geospatial and Microgrid Simulation and Planning Tools
	1 Southeast Asian Island Landscape
		1.1 Geospatial Analysis of Island Landscape
		1.2 Classification of Island Landscape and Implications for Microgrids
		1.3 Implications for Future Microgrid Development
	2 Application of Energy System Modelling Tools
		2.1 Literature Survey on Simulation Tools
		2.2 Description of Tools Applied
		2.3 Description of Case Study
		2.4 Case Study I: Small Island
		2.5 Case Study II: Mid-Sized Island
		2.6 Case Study III: Large Island
		2.7 Comparative Discussion
		2.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Applied Tools
	3 Conclusion
	References
Solar Project Financing, Bankability,  and Resource Assessment
	1 Introduction
	2 An Overview of Solar Project Financing and Bankability
		2.1 Bankability of Solar Projects
		2.2 Determining Loan Amount
		2.3 Financing Microgrid PV
	3 Solar Resource Calculation
		3.1 Transposition Models
		3.2 Separation Models
		3.3 Optimal PV Orientation
	4 Solar Radiation Data Sources
		4.1 Ground-Based Data
		4.2 Publicly Available Satellite-Derived Solar Data
		4.3 Commercial Satellite-Derived Solar Data
		4.4 Reanalysis Data
	5 Handling Data Uncertainty
		5.1 Mean Square Error and Site Adaptation
		5.2 Ignorance Score and Ensemble Model Output Statistics
		5.3 Uncertainty Mitigation Without Ground-Based Data
		5.4 Site Adaptation in Brasilia: A Case Study
	6 Conclusion
	References
Understanding Social Impact and How to Measure It
	1 Introduction: Show Me the Impact
	2 What Is Social Impact Measurement?
		2.1 Understanding Inputs, Outputs, Outcomes and Impact
	3 Theory of Change: Beginning with the End-Goal in Mind
	4 Choosing the Appropriate Indicators and Metrics
	5 Evaluation Methodologies
	6 Collection of Data
	7 Conclusion
	Appendix I - The Project Hope of Sumba
	Introduction
	PV System Design
	Implementation
	Outcome
	Cost
	Summary
	Appendix of the Project Report
	References
The Grid of the Future
	1 Electrification in Tropical Areas
		1.1 Environmental Situation
		1.2 Population
		1.3 Implications
		1.4 Grid Situation
	2 Technologies for Sustainable Energy Solutions
		2.1 State-of-the-Art Technologies
		2.2 Trends
		2.3 Overview—Vision
		2.4 Future System Requirement
		2.5 Scenarios for Smart Grid Cells
	3 Applications of the Technologies
		3.1 Installation
		3.2 Fault Protection
		3.3 Structures
		3.4 Moving from off-grid to Meshed Micro-grids
		3.5 Moving from Non-reliable Grid to Meshed Micro-grid
	4 Business Models
		4.1 Local Differences for Future Business Models
		4.2 Different Business Models
		4.3 Future Business Models
	5 Impact
		5.1 Social Impact
		5.2 Environmental Impact
	6 Future and More Sustainable Solutions
	References
Index