Sustainable Development in the Process Industries: Cases and Impact

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 8
Contributors......Page 12
Foreword......Page 14
Preface......Page 16
1.1 Reason for This Book......Page 20
1.3 Use in Education......Page 21
1.4 Use in Industry......Page 22
2.1 Overview and Scope......Page 24
2.2 Hierarchy of SD Metrics, Indices, and Indicators......Page 26
2.3 Practical Tools for the Process Industries......Page 29
2.4 Summary and Conclusions......Page 36
References......Page 38
3.1 Introduction......Page 42
3.2 Resource Efficiency......Page 43
3.3 Economic Impact......Page 51
References......Page 54
4.1 The Formative Character of Raw Materials......Page 58
4.2 The Systemic Engineering Challenge......Page 63
4.3 Regional Integration of Technologies......Page 65
References......Page 76
5.1 Introduction......Page 78
5.2 Industrial Ecosystem Programs in Rotterdam......Page 79
5.3 Conclusions......Page 95
References......Page 97
6.1 Introduction......Page 100
6.2 BPS Origins......Page 102
6.3 The BPS Process......Page 106
6.4 Barriers and Challenges......Page 113
6.5 Benefits and Opportunities......Page 116
6.6 Examples......Page 119
References......Page 125
7.1 Introduction......Page 128
7.2 Oil Properties......Page 133
7.3 Fast Pyrolysis Process Technologies......Page 139
7.4 Mass and Energy Balance for Production of Bio-oil and Char in a 2-ton/h Wood Plant......Page 155
7.5 Bio-oil Fuel Applications......Page 158
7.6 Chemicals from Bio-oil......Page 163
7.7 Economics......Page 167
7.8 Concluding Remarks......Page 168
References......Page 169
8.1 Introduction......Page 176
8.2 Technology Development for an Integrated Corn-Based Biorefinery......Page 178
8.3 LCA Results: ICBR Versus Benchmarks......Page 184
8.4 Final Reflections......Page 187
References......Page 188
9.1 Introduction......Page 190
9.2 Case Studies......Page 194
9.3 Sustainability of Biomass Production......Page 202
9.4 Conclusions and Recommendations for R&D Activities......Page 213
References......Page 215
10.1 Short Summary of Melamine Development......Page 218
10.2 Current Uses of Melamine......Page 219
10.3 Urea Production......Page 220
10.4 Conventional DSM Stamicarbon Gas-Phase Melamine Production Process......Page 221
10.5 New Integrated Urea–Melamine Process......Page 224
References......Page 226
11.1 Overview......Page 228
11.2 Historical Perspective......Page 229
11.3 Innovations in the Age of Sustainability......Page 231
11.4 Sustainability Driven by Innovation and Performance......Page 234
References......Page 235
12.1 Overview......Page 238
12.2 Active Strategies for Sustainable Management......Page 239
12.3 Eloxieranstalt A. Heuberger GmbH: Sustainable Management in an Anodizing Plant......Page 240
12.4 Analysis of the Results......Page 245
12.5 Implementation of Sustainable Strategies......Page 249
Appendix: A Successful Regional Cleaner Production Project......Page 250
References......Page 255
13.1 Overview......Page 256
13.2 Bioleaching Process Design and Development......Page 257
13.3 Bioleaching Reactor Design: Applicability of the Core Particle Model......Page 260
13.4 Industrial Applications......Page 262
13.5 Conclusions......Page 264
References......Page 265
14.1 Introduction......Page 268
14.2 Relationship Between Industrial Symbiosis and Sustainable Development......Page 269
14.3 Challenges, Barriers, and Countermeasures in Exploration, Evaluation, and Implementation of Industrial Symbiosis......Page 271
14.4 What By-Product Synergy Is and Is Not......Page 272
14.5 Work Process and Successful Cases of Industrial Symbiosis......Page 273
14.6 Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 280
References......Page 282
Index......Page 284