Sustainability: Science, Policy, and Practice in India: Challenges and Opportunities (Sustainable Development Goals Series)

Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1: Sustainability as the Development Paradigm: Evolving Frames and Interpretations
	1.1	 Introduction
	1.2	 The ‘Triple Bottom Line’ of Sustainability
	1.3	 The Notion of Sustainability in India: A Brief History
	1.4	 From Development-Centric ‘Environmentalism’ to Targeted ‘Sustainability Goals’
	1.5	 Why Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Could Not Achieve the Ambitious Targets Set for 2015?
	1.6	 Evolution of SDGs as Transformative Goals
	1.7	 Operationalizing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
	1.8	 India’s Progress in Achieving SDGs
	1.9	 Structure of the Book
	1.10	 Conclusion: Why Sustainability Goals May Be Difficult to Realize in India by 2030?
	References
2: Poverty Alleviation with Sustainable Development in India
	2.1	 Introduction
	2.2	 Methodology of Estimation
	2.3	 History of Estimation of Poverty in India
	2.4	 Release of Poverty Line Estimates
	2.5	 International Indices for the Estimation of Poverty
		2.5.1	 World Bank Poverty Line
		2.5.2	 World Poverty Clock (WPC)
		2.5.3	 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)
	2.6	 Current Level of Poverty in India
	2.7	 Multidimensional Poverty Index by NITI Aayog
	2.8	 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
	2.9	 Vision of SDG Goal 1
	2.10	 Measures Taken to Fight Poverty and Achieve SDG 1
		2.10.1	 Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)
		2.10.2	 Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
		2.10.3	 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)
		2.10.4	 Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana—National Rural Livelihoods Mission
		2.10.5	 Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)
		2.10.6	 Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)
		2.10.7	 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana—Gramin (PMAY-G) Rural Housing
		2.10.8	 Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
		2.10.9	 National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)
		2.10.10	 Social Security Schemes
			2.10.10.1	 Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
			2.10.10.2	 Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)
			2.10.10.3	 Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)
		2.10.11	 Schemes Launched to Provide Relief During the COVID-19 Pandemic
			2.10.11.1	 Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana
			2.10.11.2	 One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC)
			2.10.11.3	 e-Shram Portal
	2.11	 Way Forward
	Annexure
	References
3: Summary Measures of Population Health: Healthy Life Expectancy in India in the Context of Sustainable Development
	3.1	 Introduction
	3.2	 Development of Summary Measures of Population Health
		3.2.1	 SMPH: Health Expectancies
		3.2.2	 SMPH: Health Gaps
	3.3	 Healthy Life Expectancy (HLE) in India
	3.4	 Methodology
		3.4.1	 Results
	3.5	 Morbidity-Free Expectancy (MFLE) in India
		3.5.1	 Methodology
	3.6	 Results
	3.7	 Limitations of the Study
	3.8	 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
4: Quality Education: Foundation for 16 SDGs
	4.1	 Introduction
	4.2	 Quality Education (SDG 4) and 16 SDGs
	4.3	 Quality Education and Food Security, Improved Nutrition, and Sustainable Agriculture (SDG 2)
	4.4	 Quality Education and Health and Well-Being for All at All Ages (SDG 3)
	4.5	 Quality Education and Gender Equality (SDG 5)
	4.6	 Quality Education and Clean Water and Sanitation (SDG 6)
	4.7	 Quality Education and Sustainable Energy (SDG 7)
	4.8	 Quality Education and Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8)
	4.9	 Quality Education and Resilient Infrastructure, Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization, and Innovation (SDG 9)
	4.10	 Quality Education and Reducing Inequalities Within and Among Countries (SDG 10)
	4.11	 Quality Education and Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11)
	4.12	 Quality Education and Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns (SDG 12)
	4.13	 Quality Education and Combat Climate Change and Its Impacts (SDG 13)
	4.14	 Quality Education and Sustainable Use of Oceans, Seas, and Marine Resources (SDG 14)
	4.15	 Quality Education and Sustainable Use of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Manage Forests, Combat Desertification, and Halt and Reverse Land Degradation and Biodiversity Loss (SDG 15)
	4.16	 Quality Education and Peaceful and Inclusive Societies for Sustainable Development, Justice for All, and Inclusive Institutions (SDG 16)
	4.17	 Quality Education and Global Partnership for Sustainable Development (SDG 17)
	4.18	 Conclusion
	References
5: Mapping the Provisions for Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education in the Indian Education Policy Documents: NEP 1968 to NEP 2020
	5.1	 Introduction
	5.2	 The Trajectory of Caste-ism in Educational Institutions
	5.3	 Special Provisions for Quality Education: Recommendations to William Hunter in Pre-independent India
	5.4	 Provisions for Quality Education for “All” in National Educational Policies and Governmental Campaigns: Does Congruity Exist Between the Plans and Implementation at the Ground Level?
	5.5	 Conclusion
	References
6: Impact of the Language of Instruction for STEM Subjects on Student Engagement, Motivation, and Further Learning: A Case Study in Maharashtra, India
	6.1	 Introduction
	6.2	 Education in India: A Linguistic Overview
	6.3	 Structure
	6.4	 STEM
	6.5	 Laws and Policies
	6.6	 Student Enrolment and Job Opportunities
	6.7	 The Widening Gap
	6.8	 Research Methodology
	6.9	 Sample Selection
	6.10	 Results
		6.10.1	 Comprehension
		6.10.2	 Career Opportunities
		6.10.3	 Inclusion and Reach
		6.10.4	 Institutional Setup
	6.11	 Policy Recommendations
	6.12	 Conclusion
	Annexure: Questionnaire
	References
7: Clean Water and Universal Sanitation in an Era of Sustainable Development: Understanding the Challenges and Prospects for SDG 6 in the Ganga River Basin
	7.1	 Introduction
	7.2	 Broadening the Water-Waste Cycle: The Inclusive Goals of SDG 6
	7.3	 Water, Sanitation, and Sustainable Development in India: Progress by 2020
	7.4	 The Ganga River Basin: Ground Zero for SDG 6 in India
	7.5	 Water Availability, Use, and Efficiency
	7.6	 Open Defecation Sewage Treatment and Water Quality
	7.7	 Ecosystem Protection and Biodiversity
	7.8	 Public Participation in Water Governance
	7.9	 Challenges and Prospects: SDG 6 by 2030
	References
8: India’s Journey Toward Cleaner and Affordable Energy for Achieving SDG 7: Progress and Prospects
	8.1	 Introduction
	8.2	 Literature Review
	8.3	 SDG 7 in the Indian Context
		8.3.1	 Monitoring Progress at the National and State/Union Territory Level
		8.3.2	 India’s Current Standing and Efforts in Ensuring Universal Access to Affordable, Reliable, and Modern Energy Services
		8.3.3	 Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana – Saubhagya
		8.3.4	 Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
		8.3.5	 Policy Initiatives Undertaken to Strengthen the EV Ecosystem in the Country
			8.3.5.1	 FAME II
			8.3.5.2	 PLI Scheme for National Programme on Advanced Chemistry Cell Battery Storage
			8.3.5.3	 Draft Battery Swapping Policy
			8.3.5.4	 Inclusion of Energy Storage in the Harmonized List of Infrastructure
	8.4	 India’s Current Standing and Efforts in the Share of Renewable Energy in the India’s Energy Mix
	8.5	 India’s Current Standing and Efforts in Improving Energy Efficiency
	8.6	 India’s Current Standing and Efforts in Strengthening International Collaboration
	8.7	 SWOT Analysis
	8.8	 Challenges and Way Forward in the Implementation of SDG 7 in India
	8.9	 Conclusion
	8.10	 Future Directions and the Limitations of the Study
	References
9: Fuelling Women Lives with LPG: A Sociological Study of Fuel Use Pattern Amidst Policy Intervention in Peri-Urban Areas of Uttar Pradesh
	9.1	 Introduction
	9.2	 Methods
	9.3	 Results
		9.3.1	 Socio-economic Background of the Beneficiary Households
	9.4	 Status and Pattern of Usage of Cooking Fuel
	9.5	 Discussion
	9.6	 Conclusion and Policy Implications
	References
10: Decent Work and Inclusion: Migrant Women Domestic Worker’s Search for a Better Life
	10.1	 Introduction
	10.2	 Feminization of Migration: Female Domestic Workers
	10.3	 Objectives and Methodology
	10.4	 Migration in India
	10.5	 Female Domestic Workers in India
	10.6	 Present Status
	10.7	 Migrant Workers and COVID-19 Lockdowns
	10.8	 Impact of the Pandemic on Health and Social Development
	10.9	 Concerns and Challenges Associated
	10.10	 Need for Protection and Resulting Regulatory Frameworks
	10.11	 SWOT Analysis
	10.12	 Conclusion
	References
11: The Impact of SDG-11 on Building Sustainable Cities: PPP Project Scenarios for Urban Infrastructure Development in India
	11.1	 Introduction
	11.2	 SDG 11 as a Foundation for Development
	11.3	 Basis of Public-Private Partnership
	11.4	 The Scope of PPP and the Current Enabling Environment in India
	11.5	 Challenges and Risks in PPPs
	11.6	 Barriers to PPP Projects in the State and Urban Level
	11.7	 Institutional Barriers
	11.8	 Barriers at the Organisational Level
	11.9	 Obstacles Resulting from the Project’s Design and Structure
	11.10	 Impact of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 11) on PPP
	11.11	 Localising the SDG Goals in India
	11.12	 Further Research and Action
	11.13	 Conclusion
	References
12: Water-Sensitive Urban Design as a Driver for Accelerating Sustainable Urban Development in India
	12.1	 Introduction
	12.2	 Water-Sensitive Urban Design and Planning
	12.3	 Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM)
	12.4	 Sponge City
	12.5	 Room for the River, Netherlands
	12.6	 Green Infrastructure
	12.7	 WSUD: Multidimensional Integration
	12.8	 Role of WSUDP in Climate Change and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India
	12.9	 Water-Sensitive Urban Design and Planning in India
	12.10	 Making City Master Plans Water Sensitive
	12.11	 Riverine Islands in WSUD Initiatives
	12.12	 A Global Outlook
	12.13	 Conclusion and Way Forward
	References
13: SDG 13 and Climate Change in India
	13.1	 Introduction
	13.2	 Climate Change and Global Scenario
	13.3	 Climate Change in India
	13.4	 Climate Change and Global Policies
	13.5	 India in Current Global Climate Politics
	13.6	 SDG 13 and India
	13.7	 Discussion
	References
14: Unsustainable, Imperial Dreams: What India’s Blue Economy Portends for “Life Below Water”
	14.1	 Introduction
	14.2	 Sustainable Development as Keyword
	14.3	 The SDGs, Discourse, and Quantification
	14.4	 India’s “Life Below Water”
	14.5	 Actually Existing (Un)sustainability of the Blue Economy
	14.6	 Conclusion: Oceanic Neoimperialism?
	References
15: Reinventing Methods of Preserving and Protecting Forests of India with Particular Reference to Odisha
	15.1	 Introduction
	15.2	 The Significance of Forests
	15.3	 India: A Look at the Past
	15.4	 The Global Scenario vis-à-vis India
	15.5	 Causes of Deforestation
	15.6	 Combating Deforestation
	15.7	 Forest Legislation in India
	15.8	 Forest Policies of India
	15.9	 Conservation and Sustainable Use of Forests: The Roads Ahead
	15.10	 Connecting People to Nature
	15.11	 Conclusion: Fulfilling Sustainable Development Goals
	References
16: Green Diplomacy: A Way to Achieve SDG-17
	16.1	 Introduction
	16.2	 India and Environment: Domestic Institutions, Programmes and Policies
	16.3	 India and Environment: External Engagement
	16.4	 India and Climate Negotiations
	16.5	 Conclusion: Way to Sharing the Success
		16.5.1	 Perceptional Change
		16.5.2	 Changes in Diplomatic Communication
		16.5.3	 Creating an Environmental Division and Appointing Environmental Attaché
		16.5.4	 Benefits of Green Diplomacy
	References
17: Sustainable Development Goals: Challenges, Opportunities, and the Way Forward
	17.1	 Introduction
	17.2	 SDGs in India: Challenges and Opportunities
	17.3	 SDGs: Future Implications and Policy Recommendation
	References